The British government helped the king of Gorkha by teaching him the importance of discipline and providing him arms through European traders. He won Kirtipur by betraying three times with the help of the same weapon.

The five prime ministers of Lalitpur had invited Prithvinarayan Shah to become king. After Prithvinarayan Shah became the king and the chiefs were about to leave on the way to Kantipur, he killed them there and took away everything. That is, Prithvinarayan Shah’s intention was to wipe out the people there when he came to power, whether they would support him or resist him.

1 .Destroyed 1,000 priceless books

It was because of this heinous act of the Gorkhalis that the Chinese emperor Qianlong (1736-1796) told his successors, “Do not interfere in the affairs of the Gorkhas until it is too much.”After conquering Bhaktapur, Prithvinarayan Shah looted a lot here. According to historian Purushottam Lochan Shrestha, he carried out more looting here than Jung Bahadur had done after suppressing the Lucknow rebellion. His army also dug up and burnt 1,000 invaluable manuscripts.

These included Tantrashastra, Chemistry, Astrology, Ayurveda texts, Shabad Vidyashastra (sound related books) etc.

The Kayapuchins, who came to Nepal to preach Christianity, were proud to burn thousands of manuscripts during their 60 years in Nepal. Shankaracharya, who came from India to preach Hinduism in the Mallaka period, had burnt 700 texts on Buddhism. So what is the difference between Prithvinarayan Shah and foreigners?

After Prithvinarayan Shah’s conquest of the valley, he expelled not only foreign Christians, but also 12 local Christians from Lalitpur, and began to despise Buddhists.

While the tribals of the valley are also Buddhists.

Whoever wins the state, the scriptures are common to all. But the ruler, intoxicated with victory, did not think so. Even after burning so many books, only the remaining books have been kept in the National Archives by building a library in the time of Bir Shamsher. It is important to mention here that the campaign to destroy archeological objects from the state level continued till modern times.

Archaeological goods, idols, etc. are being stolen and exported abroad. Otherwise, the two Gajurs who would not have entered through the main door inside the Taleju temple in Bhaktapur would not have been lost. Otherwise, who had the power to take a crane and steal Bhupatindra Malla’s statue?

The environment of the Industrial Revolution was created in the Malla period, but the fact that it could not be done by Prithvinarayan Shah till today also confirms that the Mallas had developed well-developed maps, which were started by Jayasthiti Malla. Such maps were even praised by the British. Based on the same map, the Gorkhalis came in handy to attack other places.

Similarly, the painting of the Nyatpol temple in Bhaktapur, which has reached the hands of the German citizen Bernhard Colver, is carved on the module scale used in Europe today. At the same time, it shows that such a scale has been used extensively in mapping buildings. This shows how far Nepal’s architectural development has reached.

All traders run away

Let me remind you again that at that time Nepal (Upatyaka) used to print money for Tibet and send it there and that would bring revenue to Nepal. But Prithvinarayan Shah could not continue it, and at the same time increased taxes on trade. Traders trading between India and Tibet were also deported.

And big traders went to other countries to do business. In 1774, there were only two Kashmiri shops left in Nepal dealing with Tibet.Traders who did not follow Prithvinarayan Shah’s laws and rules were deported. Ta-si-lun-poya Tesu Lama (the second Lama after the Dalai Lama) even sent a letter to the King of Nepal saying, “All traders, be they Hindus or Muslims, are afraid of you.

No one is willing to live in your country.”After the conquest of Bhaktapur, the repression increased so much that people could not stay and had to flee. Nowadays, the majority of the valley dwellers in different districts of Nepal have fled to escape the wrath of Prithvinarayan Shah. Even today, the old people say that the king invited them to a party for discussion and those who returned from there were massacred by the army guarding the streets.

After the second attack on Kirtipur failed, there was a strong retaliation when Prithvinarayan Shah attacked Gaukot near Bhaktapur. In that 15-day war, 332 Gurkha soldiers were killed. Later, when they won, they burned the whole village. At that time, Mahindra Singh, who was leading the Chaukot war, had attained Veergati. Prithvinarayan Shah must have committed such a massacre to avenge that.

Before attacking Bhaktapur, Prithvinarayan Shah had set fire to the paddy which was being prepared for importation. And even after the conquest of Bhaktapur, the genocide continued and the surviving men had to flee. There was even a famine due to the lack of men working in agriculture. Here is the fact about Timilakaji who came forward as the middle evidence among the Qazis (ministers) of the then state (Dhaukaji, Dhwankaji, Bhoukaji, Timilakaji).

After the capture of King Ranjit Malla in Bikram Samvat 1826, Prithvinarayan Shah declared that Timila’s movable and immovable property could not be sold, bought, used or even traded. Later, the king took a salute from Timila Qazi and ordered her to leave with 18,000 or 0.72 percent of the national income.

Later, with the help of a mediator, Prithvinarayan Shah begged for forgiveness without any guilt by paying a fine of Rs. 181, i.e. 0.006 percent of the national income. Chakraraj Timila, a resident of Durbarkshetra in Bhaktapur, still has this paper.

The same was done to Timila, who lives in Bhaktapur Tamari Nyatpol West. He was later ordered to leave with a salute of Rs 18,000. He also paid a fine of Rs. 51 with the help of an arbitrator and returned the property saying that he had waived everything else.

That is, he was forced to admit that he had made a mistake without making a mistake and was forced to pay a fine. According to Kirk Patrick, in 1972 (1849 BS), Nepal’s annual income was estimated at 2.5-30 million.

What was the value of that 151 rupees at that time?

Ruler of Cruel  character

Therefore, according to the French historian Silvan Levi, these Gorkhalis are rulers of dual character who may come forward as cruel or generous. The British had attacked Nepal out of resentment because of their similar machinations and suspicious activities. In 1814. (France and Britain were then at war in expanding their territorial borders, whose French were defeated.)

Therefore, the French do not write history on the side of the British. Due to this, Nepal had to fight with the East India Company for two years and even lost one third of the territory of Nepal. It was also their fault for losing Nepal’s territory. That is why Silvan Levy said that Gurkhas are outspoken but dishonest people. Too high on cheating.

Let’s take a look at the kingdom of Prithvinarayan Shah, the creator of modern Nepal, Gorkha. According to historian Surya Bikram Gyawali, Gorkha was a very small and economically weak state. It is impossible for the king of such a place to imagine launching a unification campaign. At that time, King Narabhupal Shah of Gorkha asked a Lama monk of Bhutan to help me in my work. I will give you land.

Narabhupal Shah had to attack the neighboring states several times to expand his frontier as his kingdom was too small.

It is written in the book called Preaching by Prithvinarayan Shah that Prithvinarayan Shah had returned to Makawanpur after a quarrel with Sadhudai Digbandha Sen and challenged him to fight with him. On the way back, they crossed the river Rapti and reached Chandragiri mountain for fear of being recognized by the Malla kings.

When he reached there, he asked Bhanu Jaisi and Kulananda Jaisi who came with him – what is Nepal? And they showed that Bhadgaon, that Lalitpur and that Kantipur. Greed was born in him seeing the splendor of this place, the flat land with abundant fruits. At that time he thought that if I could be the king of this valley, how much would it be?

This confirms Prithvinarayan Shah’s vulture vision in a place full of art and skill, palaces, houses, temples, and good economic relations due to its good trade relations with Tibet. At that time the craftsmanship was so high that there were as many houses, as many temples and as many people as there were idols. Baha: Nani, a well-organized settlement developed by mistake, water (dug or stone fountain) required within it, temple / deity for worship, grain, spacious place for drying clothes – all were arranged.

Such urban development is still hailed by the international community as a masterpiece of architecture.The words written in Prithvinarayan Shah’s book of sermons show how beautiful this place was. Prithvinarayan Shah said, “How do you know?” When asked, he said, “Your face is telling.” It is written in the same book.

After that, he asked his antpal (border guard) Ranjit Basnyat, Birbhadra Pathak, Mansingh Rokaha, “I have decided to attack Nepal, what is the idea?” Were asked. At that time, he advised that it was a reasonable idea. Similarly, when Prithvinarayan Shah discussed this with his uncle, he also advised him to attack Nepal, not to unify.

This place was also important for agricultural production. It also proves that Prithvinarayan Shah’s invasion of the valley was not for unification but for economic gain, not for the purpose of uniting fragmented ‘Nepal’.

The French historian Silvan Levy has written a book about Nepal with evidence. According to Silvan Levy, Gurkha soldiers also went to Tibet to attack various monasteries, chanting religious slogans in search of wealth.

But they were forced to make a deal after being badly chased by Chinese troops. It is worth mentioning here that once every five years, the Chinese emperor had to go to pay taxes as an incarnation of Dev Manjushri.

When Prithvinarayan Shah formed the army to expand the border, he could not reach more than 1300 people even when he could recruit as many people as he could. In the first attack on Kirtipur, Shakti Ballabh Sardar used 1,200 troops brought from India.It also shows the status of the Gorkhas.

At that time, the Italian ruler Mezzini had announced in 1871 that he had taken the step of unification with other states, but this has not happened here. Nowhere in Prithvinarayan Shah’s sermon is it mentioned that unification should be done.History is always written by the sword.

Ramayana is written in the name of the winner, the loser Ravana is declared a demon. Ram who sends Sita to the forest is the best of men. Prithvinarayan Shah is therefore called Ward Maharaj Dhiraj. If steps have been taken to unify, then the army of the defeated place should not treat the enemy soldiers in the same way. But Prithvinarayan Shah came out as a very cruel, dictator.

Prithvinarayan Shah’s eyes fell on Belkot after winning Nuwakot. As soon as he found out that the chief was Jayant Rana, he rushed to the spot alone. Upon learning this, the other soldiers were also running after him. But after the death of many of his warriors, he returned empty-handed. But the brave Kalu Pandey defeated Prithvinarayan Shah and defeated Jayant Rana. After that, he tortured Jayant Rana for not doing it.

Jayant’s skin was removed and he was tortured to death. The incident in which Jayant Rana was skinned and killed has succeeded in presenting a picture of Prithvinarayan Shah as a very cruel, dictatorial and autocratic ruler. Maybe that’s why a sword is placed on the statue of Prithvinarayan Shah!

Not integration, border expansion

Prithvinarayan Shah did not unify, he expanded the borders of the state. So in the place where he won, he did not hesitate to inflict torture and inhuman torture. If the search continues, evidence of torture will be found in Kathmandu and various other places. In fact, if unification had taken place, the sentiments of the people there would have been won and the enemy would not have been treated unfairly.

If real unification had taken place, all the tribes of the country would have been given an opportunity to contribute to the task of nation building. But in the army and police, only Brahmins, Chhetris and Shahs and Rana’s have spoken. Khai Gurung, Tamang, Yadav, Tharu given the opportunity?

Historian Silvan Levy has confirmed that Dravya Shah, a descendant of Prithvinarayan Shah, was the first to usurp the state by stabbing and killing all the runners in the race once a year on Vijaya Dashami. Dravya Shah did not organize this race again after he became the king. Instead, he established the tradition of becoming a king from his dynasty.

Where is the history of Other’s victory ?

Nepal is said to have been liberated from foreign (English) influence. But according to historian Nayan Raj Pant, there were wars in five places during the war between the British and Nepal. Nepal had lost three places and won two places. But Bhakti Thapa, Amar Singh Thapa and Bal Bhadra Kunwar were highly respected by the enemy as the commanders of the three defeated battle fronts.

He was later declared a national hero.But the names of the commanders of the other two fronts, where Nepal was victorious, have been erased from history. Are they non-national elements? It also shows how much the rulers here are under the influence of the British.

If we look at the contribution of the Shah dynasty to art, it seems to be zero. They did not build anything new, on the contrary, they were very jealous of the monuments that had been built before. Therefore, he tried to spread the illusion that he had built such monuments by putting his name without addressing them.

For example, we used to read in school that the 22 sections in Balaju were made by Ran Bahadur Shah. But King Jayaprakash Malla had already built 21 stone fountains there. In the philosophy of Newar architecture, doors, windows, etc., are unique. Therefore, there are 55 windows in the palace of Bhaktapur.

An attempt was made to write a false history by saying that Ran Bahadur Shah made one of the 21 sections already made by Jay Prakash Malla.It is only written in history that the Nyatpol temple of Bhaktapur was built by Bhupatindra Malla but it is not written anywhere in the Nyatpol.

During the reign of King Mahendra, the Nyatpol temple was ordered to be renovated by the building department. At that time, he had to put up inscriptions in Khas language and English language saying that it had cost so much. Mahendra’s name was also indicated. Iron bars and doors were also placed there to hurt the essence of the architecture.

(After a long time, the iron bar was removed.) Not only that, the old bricks were cracked and cemented. There is an old technology to prevent water from entering, but it has not been taken care of. The tundal of the temple used to be painted black and white, but during the coronation of King Virendra, it was painted in colorful colors. The 55 windows are still painted black.

From any economic, political, religious, linguistic point of view, Prithvinarayan Shah did not unify Nepal, he only expanded the borders of the state under his expansionist policy. Attempts have been made to cover up his misdeeds by using state unification.

FAQ’S

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Core Story of Swasthani Story : Acceptance of polygamy?

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Naming Of Nepal:

There is no definite data on where and how the word Nepal came from. However, since Nepal is in the lap of the Himalayas, the name Nepal is believed to have originated from Nepal. It is also said that the word Nepal comes from the Tibetan language ‘Niyampal’. Which means holy land. Similarly, tarpaulins were used to produce and store a significant amount of wool in Nepal. Therefore, wool means “pal” which added up to become the name Nepal.

History of Nepal :Ancient History

Kirant period: History of Nepal

Neolithic tools found during excavations in the Kathmandu Valley are estimated to have inhabited Nepal for 9,000 years. They have great impact on history of Nepal. Accordingly, it is estimated that the Kirant people have been living here for about 2500 years.Kiranti is a hill and wild tribe. They came from Central Asia, India and the Himalayas. However, it is estimated that there were castes like Gopal and Mahishpal in Nepal even before the Kirat period. However, no confirmation has been received.Therefore, in the history of Nepal, the Kirant period is considered to be the main time when we have some written evidence that Yalambar was the king of Kirat.

Licchavi Period:History of Nepal

We have the history of the Licchavi rule in Kathmandu from 400 to 750 AD. According to Kautilya’s Arthashastra, the heroic men who had escaped from Veshli had chased the Kirantis and ruled in Kathmandu. The inscriptions, coins and inscriptions of the Changunarayana temple found at that time provide evidence that Mandev was the first king in the Lichhavi period. The Licchavis chased Kiranti and ruled the region from Gandaki to Koshi.

Shah Period: History of Nepal

After the death of King Narbhupal Shah of Gorkha in 1799, King Prithvinarayan Shah began the idea of ​​unification with the idea of ​​expanding his kingdom. He first graduated from V.S. In 1800, Nuwakot was attacked but defeated. He attacked again a year later and won. Then B.Sc. In 1814 and 21, they were defeated in the attack on Kirtipur. This is the battle in which Kalu Panda was killed. V.S. On 3 March 1822, he again attacked Kirtipur and won. He attacked Kathmandu in 1825 and won.

He then attacked Lalitpur and Bhaktapur respectively. It was done in June 1825 and 26. In that too, he won and laid a strong foundation for the state unification campaign. He then moved from Gorkha to the capital Kathmandu and established the new kingdom of Nepal. This campaign did not stop even after his death. The last king of Shah Dynasty was King Gyanendra.

Rana rule: History of Nepal

Nepal has a history of family rule by the Rana dynasty from 1903 to 2007. At that time, it was customary for the Rana brothers to move the post of Prime Minister. The Rana dynasty was the main power in the country. At that time, the country was run under the direction of Rana and what Rana said would happen. There were strict restrictions on others in all areas of economic, social and educational activities.

Panchayat period: History of Nepal

The people felt relieved. Ease came in the political, economic, social and educational spheres. However, democracy did not last long. The Panchayat system was established on January 26, 2017. V.S. The government elected in the 2015 parliamentary elections was overthrown by King Mahendra in broad daylight on January 26, 2017. Political parties were banned after the establishment of the Panchayat regime, while popularly elected Prime Minister BP Koirala, members of his cabinet, MPs, political party leaders and activists were arrested overnight.

Leaders of political parties spent a long time in jail on charges of treason. A large number of leaders and activists of political parties who could not be arrested by the Panchayat were deported to India.
Within 2-3 years of the establishment of the Panchayat, the Panchayat spread all over the country. In order to strengthen the Panchayat, the Panchayat Constitution was promulgated in 2019 BS. The people of the Panchayat system used to say that all Nepalis are Punch, all Punch are Nepali.

They used to promote the Panchayat system and Nepal as complementary to each other. It was propagated that without Panchayat there would be no country. The Congress and the Communist Party were declared non-national elements.

People’s Movement 2046: History of Nepal

In the first people’s movement of Nepal in 2046 BS, various parties of Nepal were involved in the movement with the same objective. A group of communists led by the Nepali Congress formed the United Left Front and joined the movement. The 50-day agitation was severely suppressed by the Panchayat rulers. After that, King Mahendra removed the popularly elected Prime Minister in 2017 BS, dissolved the parliamentarians and introduced an independent panchayat system.

But due to the pressure of 18 years of revolution, 33 years of BP’s reconciliation policy, 2036 student movement, etc., the then King Birendra held a referendum in Nepal in 2036 BS. In a referendum on which multi-party or reformed panchayat to choose, the Panchayat faction won by extreme abuse of state power. Even after that, when the multi-party system could not be established in the country, the Nepali Congress started Satyagraha in 2042 BS. Eventually, this step turned into a people’s movement in 2046 BS.

Nepali Language : Origin,History & Development of This Mysterious Language!

Maoist People’s War:

The then CPN (Maoist) had declared a people’s war on March 20, 2006. The people’s war was started with the original slogan of ‘Let’s move forward on the path of people’s war to establish a new democratic state by destroying the reactionary state power’. The People’s War, which started by capturing Rolpa’s Holeri, Rukum’s Athaviskot, Sindhuli’s outposts in Sindhuligadhi and Gorkha’s Changli Agricultural Development Bank, brought catastrophic upheaval in Nepali society in ten years.

Indeed, the ten years of the People’s War were the years of rapid transformation of Nepali society. The feudal society from time immemorial was shaken from its roots by the people’s war. Thousands of people were killed by the state and the Maoists at that time, but no one is still missing.

Narayanhiti massacre:

All the members of King Birendra’s family were killed in a bloody shooting inside the Narayanhiti palace on the night of 19 June 2058 BS. Many members of the royal family, including King Birendra, Queen Aishwarya, Prince Dipendra, Princess Shruti and Prince Nirajan, were said to have died a day later in the massacre. Which has not been revealed so far.

Second People’s Movement 2062/63 : History of Nepal

The second people’s movement was a peaceful movement in Nepal that lasted for 19 days. This movement overthrew the 237-year-old monarchy of Nepal and laid the foundation of a democratic republic in the country.
Various political parties and armed Maoists were also involved in the movement. With the success of the people’s movement, the Maoist people’s war ended and peace was established in the country.

Constituent Assembly Election and Constitution Making:

In the Constituent Assembly elections held along with the Jana Andolan, the Maoists became the first party to enter into peace talks after a 10-year war. This Constituent Assembly June 15, 2065 Worked till 15th June, 2069. It was said that the constitution would be drafted in two years in the election held on April 11, 2008 but it was not successful due to various reasons.

The first to be elected to the Constituent Assembly, 240 members from the direct seat, 335 members from the proportional seat and the remaining 26 members were elected on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers. The first meeting of the first Constituent Assembly defined Nepal from a monarchy to a republic.

After the first Constituent Assembly failed to deliver the constitution within the stipulated time, its term was again extended by two years to four years. Four years later, the first Constituent Assembly was dissolved on June 3, 2008 after failing to draft the constitution. The election of the members of the second Constituent Assembly was held on December 19, 2008. Finally, the Constitution of Nepal 2072 BS was promulgated from this Constituent Assembly on September 19, 2008.

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