Traditional Jewelry of Newar Community Used on the Head

• Sincha

This is a gold chain with a moon or flower pattern on the side, a piece of jewelry. Twelve caves are placed in Sincha Ihi (marriage with Bell) and the girls are forced to leave.

• Sirbandi

It is a gold ornament worn by the saints as a symbol of good fortune. The headscarf worn for good deeds is worn by brides as well as bridesmaids. It is a three-striped or five-striped flower patterned ornament.

• Luswan

This 12-inch circular wheel of jewelry is adorned with a pair of artistic birds, precious stones, emeralds, topaz, rubies and bhimpu. It is an artistically original jewel. This jewelry is often worn by newlyweds.

• Nyapusikh

The Nyapusikh (five chains) of gold worn especially to cover the hair of the bride’s head is philosophically a symbol of Panchatatva. Some also use chapusikh (eight chains). It is considered as a symbol of octahedron.

• Sapva: Tisa

It is a jewel of various kinds of gems encrusted in gold or silver which is especially tied to the bride’s neck.

Traditional Jewelry of Newar Community Used on the Forehead

• Lunsinh (gold tika):

This is the gold Tika of various styles used in marriage, marriage and so on.

• Lunchin:

This is a gold ornament used in marriage and old age.

Ear jewelry

• Nhatika

This is a kind of jewelry worn wishing for the longevity of the son. It is like a ring. The ring is a piece of jewelry worn on both the right and left ears, while the necklace is worn only on the right ear. It is customary to keep Bhimpu and Moti in Nhatika.

• Marvalicha

It is customary to put this gold round shaped ornament on the pasni of children. This jewelry is considered as a symbol of truth.

• Punaycha

This is a gold ring worn only by old people. In Newar society, it is customary to get old five times in terms of age. Punaycha is worn as many times as Pasni.

• Dhungri

This is a jewelry worn by a middle-aged woman in the shape of a daffodil, made of precious stones like rubies, emeralds, pearls, diamonds etc. in 6 or more leaves.

• Maxi

This is a type of silver jewelry made in the shape of a kathar, which is used by the Japus.

• Tuki

This is a simple or embroidered piece of jewelry that is worn as usual even if it is not a pilgrimage, ritual, etc.

• Taituki

Boys wear half a taituki on the upper part of the right ear while girls wear it on both ears.

• Vizkani

It is not certain where the vizkani used in the old Nepali song Rajmati is used. Some call it jewelry worn on the head, while others call it jewelry worn around the neck.

• Gasi Sikh

A fine gold chain made to hold a large hole in the ear.

Jewelry to Wear Around the Neck

• Kanthi

It is a gold-silver ornament worn up to the bottom of the neck.

• Tayo

Gold ornaments worn around the necks of Machhindranath and the living Goddess Kumari.

• Tikh

In the Newar community, it has been a tradition since ancient times to add 12 pieces of carved flowers, eagles or other elaborate carvings on gold leaf and put velvet on the bottom to make jewelry that looks like a perfect laf: cha (a cloth to be kept while feeding children).

• Chandrahar

In the shape of a full moon, three to five, seven and nine wheels are added from left to right by adding gold discs to the back and upwards.

• Tayoma

This is the jewel of gold, blue gem Bhimpu etc. In the middle, like a damokhin (a type of instrument), it is attached to a sheet of gold embroidered on the left and right side of a snake-covered tayo. It is also considered as a symbol of Panchabuddha.

• Bhimpuma

Children’s pasni, ihi, bahara and other festivals are worn by both children in Bhimpuma.

Traditional Jewelry of Newar Community worn on the Hand

• Twa

This is a gold-silver earring worn on the arm.

• Sinhakhwa: Chulya

It is an earring of gold, silver and five metals.

• Pancharatna’s Chulya (Panchadhatu’s)

This is the ornament used to adorn Pasni, Ihi, Barha as well as at weddings.

• Kalya

This simple and wide piece of gold-plated gold is worn by the bride in the Kalya Nyakigu ritual before.

• Bai

This is a jewel of gold or silver, raised on the right and left: an ornament to be worn as an emotional expression on the day of the self (going to see the face of the bride who has become a bride).

• Pucha

A small piece of gold, bhimpu, pearls, etc., stolen from the Banki Pucha Machabu Lahigu rites are worn by the boys for safety.

• Kwai Chura

This is a defensive animal bone jewelry.

Finger jewelry

• Pyakhan Angu

This ring is made in the shape of an egg on a silver leaf.

These include diamond rings, name rings, Tusipu rings, Asarfi rings, and Navratna inlaid rings.

Jewelry worn on the feet

• Sinhakhwa Kalli

This silver ornament carves the mouth of a lion.

• Jangi Selaya Kalli

This is a large piece of silver jewelry that has been emptied inside.

• Tuti Buggy

Silver or other metal ornaments Tuti Buggy is given by the in-laws especially at weddings.

• Taht Kalli

Ornament of silver.

Shaligram :Its History

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In this festival, it is customary to make rice flour, knife, black sesame yomri and worship the grains and bhakari brought in the evening. Similarly, while worshiping Bhakari, idols of Kubera, Lakshmi and Ganesh are made of rice flour.This day is celebrated as Lakshmi Puja. There is a belief that if we worship in this way, there will be no shortage of food throughout the year.

In winter, it is celebrated on the full moon as a festival of making bread from the ingredients that increase the body heat, including meat and rice.

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There is an interesting legend about Yomari Purnima. According to legend, a philanthropist named Suchandra and Dharmatma Maharjan lived in Panchal Desh (now Panauti).One day, to test his kind nature, the devotee of Lord Vishnu went to Suchandra’s house in the guise of a poor Brahmin to beg. Suchandra’s wife reverently fed the Brahmin-like Kuver Yomri, which she had prepared.Pleased with his hospitality, Kuver showed his true form and explained the virtues of Yomri and the method of offering Yomri by worshiping Shri Ganesh, Kuver and Lakshmi in a rice bowl.Accordingly, the Suchandra couple offered Yomri rice to Bhakari and after four days distributed it as an offering, their wealth increased and the reason for eating Yomri was getting better. It is said that Yomari has been celebrated since that time

What is Yomiuri?

In Newari, ‘yo’ means favorite and ‘mari’ means bread or dessert. According to culturologists, it is named Yomiuri because it is popular with everyone.Yomri is also considered as a symbol of Kuver and Ganesha. This day is also celebrated by the Newar community as Sakimana Punhi i.e. Pindalu Usinne Purnima.On the day of Yomri Punhi, it is customary for a housewife to purify and make Yomri by keeping rice flour, knife, sesame, meat, gundpak and food.

The culture of Yomiuri Punhi

Before cooking yomri to eat on the day of yomri punhi, Newars make two yomri in large size. One of these two Yomris is called ‘Mayo’ and the other is called ‘Bio’. Mayo represents mother and bio represents father, said Satya Mohan Joshi, a culturologist.  The size of these two Yomri is also different. “Mayo is triangular and when cooked, lentils (meat, mung bean, etc.) are placed in it without a knife or sesame seeds,” he said. It is cooked with a knife and a mixture of sesame seeds. Yomari, a small size like bio, is also made for eating.

It is customary to worship the house after making the necessary Yomari and taking it to Dhukuti. Similarly, Kumar, Ganesh and other deities in front of his house are worshiped by offering yomri. Only after the completion of all these methods is Yomari eaten on the day of Punhi as an offering to God.

In terms of weather, the day before Yomri Punhi is the longest night of the year. Therefore, there is a saying that when making yomri, its beak can be made as sharp as it can be. The Nepali-speaking people get up in the middle of the night on the day before Yomri Punhi and start cooking Yomri.

Such is the legend

There is an interesting legend about Yomari Purnima. According to legend, a philanthropist named Suchandra and Dharmatma Maharjan lived in Panchal Desh (now Panauti).One day, to test his kind nature, the devotee of Lord Vishnu went to Suchandra’s house in the guise of a poor Brahmin to beg. Suchandra’s wife reverently fed the Brahmin-like Kuver Yomri, which she had prepared.Pleased with his hospitality, Kuver showed his true form and explained the virtues of Yomari and the method of offering Yomri by worshiping Shri Ganesh, Kuver and Lakshmi in a rice bowl.Accordingly, the Suchandra couple offered Yomri rice to Bhakari and after four days distributed it as an offering, their wealth increased and the reason for eating Yomri was getting better. It is said that Yomari  has been celebrated since that time.

Why is Yomari eaten?

After Dasantihar, winter gradually begins to increase in Kathmandu Valley. The amount of winter also increases with the onset of drought.In Sakimana Punhi, the Newars get the energy and heat required by the body by eating pidalu and fried nuts.Satya Mohan Joshi, a culturologist, said that the practice of eating hot food like a knife and sesame seeds in hot bread in cold weather cannot be considered as a festival or culture in any way.

How to cook Yomari ?

To make yomri, rice is turned into flour. Put pure ghee on rice flour and cover with hot water.The back should be covered with a mask. The flour involved should be shaped to suit yourself. Shaping the dough forms a yomori.Yomiuri’s work is skillful. Yomiuri is not made without skill. The size of the yomeri you prepare, you have to get your hands on the flour.The dough should be pierced with the index finger. As you move your fingers, the lump of flour becomes thinner. The thin lump turns into a conch.In the middle, it becomes a hollow space like a wine glass. A mixture of sesame flour and Ledo knife is put in the empty space. It should be cooked with vaporization as if it was cooked by closing the mouth.

FAQ’S

How yomari is made?

What is the history behing making Yomari ?

When is Yomari Punyi celebrated ?

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As soon as we say ‘tongue piercing procession’, we remember the biscuit procession celebrated at Bode in Madhyapur Thimi. During the tongue piercing procession, many people had to be fed and the arrangements for the procession had to be made by themselves. It costs a lot .In Thimi, ghosts, phantoms and vampires used to cause grief. The Tantric man practiced Balkumari to drive away the same demon. He pierced his tongue to show his courage. He frightened the ghost. And they ran away.It is in this belief that the tongue is pierced here. They try to drive away ghosts by showing courage.

The person piercing the tongue must be of the best lineage of Madhyapur Thimi. At first, the person must be ready to pierce the tongue. The committee is consulted after someone decides to pierce the tongue. One month in advance, a good day is chosen and it is reported that the non-worker has to make a grandson (suiro). The person who pierces the tongue goes to take the pooja when he goes to report.It is kept soaked in pure mustard oil for about 3 weeks so that it will not be eaten by non-workers. In this procession, a grandson with three arrows is made.

On the day of the full moon, the tongue is pierced. Worship is held at Balkumari temple eight days before that. It is called ‘Dya: Dusalegu’. This means that the deity is brought to the place where the tongue is pierced by sadhana.Four days before the procession, Phima (then state manager) of Laiku, Thimi, goes to the Hanumandhoka palace and takes the royal sword and puts it in a ‘Dabali’.One day before the procession, ‘Choilbhu’ takes place. A feast is offered with the sacrifice of a red rooster. Yenya Punhi, i.e. full moon, is worshiped in Balkumari in the morning by wearing Duta No. (Jama). People who pierce their tongues go hungry all day long. You should not talk to anyone.

After worshiping from Balkumari, a crescent-shaped continent (Vye) is made. In the evening, there is a procession from Balkumari to Digubhairav. The lights are on.After coming from there, Bhairav ​​is worshiped in Digubhairav ​​temple in the presence of Guru (Jaman: a person of Thar). It is believed that a person who pierces his tongue after worship attains divine power. From there, the tongue piercer is grabbed by two people, walks backwards in front of Bhairav ​​and is taken to the ‘Dabali’. At this time, Jaman: Guru, Nay: Pama, Nakarmi, etc. are present in the ‘Dabali’.The person who puts the needle is called ‘Kaminayo’. Kaminayo also worships Bhairav. In the same way, they come back to the double. A 10-inch-long needle made by a non-worker pierces the tongue. Then the person piercing the tongue is asked to carry the vae (continent). It is done around the city as per his wish. Thimi, Nagdesh, Bode and other places are visited by Balkumari temples.According to the wishes of the person piercing the tongue, Changunarayana and Pashupati have been visited first.

A person who pierces the tongue also has two yams. This trident-shaped lamp is lit by the Manandhar community.It is believed that it will drive away the ghosts hiding in the house.The one who pierces the tongue comes to the child in a circle. There, Caminayo pulls the needle out of his tongue. Then Jamanah (Guru) puts the soil of Nasadya (Nityanath) complex in the hole of the tongue. It is believed that the wound does not heal and heals quickly.After pouring the soil, one rests at the nearby Mahadev Pati. In the evening, a feast is served to the participants of the procession. The next day, in the Balkumari temple, Dya: Lit Tavanegu i.e. immersion worship is performed. On this day, the grandson (Suiro) who pierced his tongue as ‘Natu Puja’ is knocked inside the Balkumari temple. In the Bode Biscuit procession, the grandson stumbles in the same way at the Mahalakshmi temple.

There is no written record of when the sexual tradition began. Looking at the nature of the needle that crashed into the temple premises, it is seen that the tongue was pierced more than 350 years ago.More than one person can pierce the tongue if they wish in this procession.Once the tongue is pierced, the needle is placed in a different place. Looking at the nature of the needle that crashed into the temple, it is seen that 17 people pierced their tongues in the same year. ‘

It is unknown at this time what he will do after leaving the post.Bhairav ​​is worshiped with importance in Indrajatra. Even in this procession, the tongue piercer takes power by practicing Bhairav

How is Natucha made?
As it is used on human tongue, the process of making natucha is different from normal. Natucha making starts a month in advance.The soft iron rod is melted down to form a traditional Natucha shape. There is a different method of making a sword shape in the shape of a sword at the top and a beak shape at the bottom.Once the natucha is formed, grease is applied on it. Then it is wrapped in cotton and greased again. Then Natucha is cut into nhap (a small bamboo stick) and put inside. Covered with cotton and grease, it is kept closed in bamboo for more than a week. Doing so will destroy the chemical elements in the iron and make the iron soft. Then, four days before the pilgrimage, it is taken out and dipped in pure mustard oil. The oil softens the nucleus and easily penetrates the human tongue

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