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योगः कर्मसु कौशलम्।

काममा कुशलता नै योग हो। (गीता २.५०)

Excellence in action is yoga. (Gita 2.50)

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True / False / Not Given र Yes / No / Not Given

IELTS Preparation – निःशुल्क IELTS कोर्स · करिब ५ मिनेट पढाइ · पूरा पाठ्यक्रम

सिक्ने लक्ष्य

  • TRUE, FALSE र NOT GIVEN बीचको फरक स्पष्ट रूपमा बुझ्ने।
  • True/False/Not Given र Yes/No/Not Given कहिले प्रयोग हुन्छ भनेर छुट्याउने।
  • all, some, only, always जस्ता qualifier शब्दले उत्तर कसरी बदल्छन् भनेर पहिचान गर्ने।
  • आफ्नो सामान्य ज्ञान होइन, passage मात्र आधार बनाएर उत्तर दिने।

मुख्य व्याख्या

तीन उत्तरको अर्थ

उत्तरअर्थसोध्ने प्रश्न
TRUE / YESStatement ले passage सँग मेल खान्छPassage ले यही कुरा (फरक शब्दमा) भन्छ?
FALSE / NOStatement ले passage को उल्टो भन्छPassage ले यसको विपरीत भन्छ?
NOT GIVENPassage मा यसबारे पुष्टि वा खण्डन गर्ने जानकारी छैनPassage बाट यो जान्न सम्भव छ?

TFNG र YNNG मा के फरक?

  • True / False / Not Given: Passage मा दिइएका तथ्य (facts / information) सँग तुलना।
  • Yes / No / Not Given: लेखकका विचार वा दाबी (views / claims) सँग तुलना। Opinion भएको passage मा प्रायः आउँछ।

सोच्ने तरिका एउटै हो; फरक यति मात्र छ कि YNNG मा “लेखक यो कुरासँग सहमत छन्?” भनेर सोध्नुहुन्छ।

TRUE/FALSE प्रश्नमा YES/NO लेख्नुभयो (वा उल्टो) भने उत्तर गलत हुन्छ। Instruction मा जुन शब्द छ, त्यही लेख्नुहोस्।

FALSE र NOT GIVEN कसरी छुट्याउने?

यही सबैभन्दा गाह्रो भाग हो। यो नियम याद गर्नुहोस्:

  • FALSE: Passage ले स्पष्ट रूपमा अर्कै कुरा भन्छ। (Statement: “The market opened in 2012.” Passage: “opened in 2011.”)
  • NOT GIVEN: Passage ले यो विषय छोएको हुन सक्छ, तर statement को मुख्य दाबीबारे केही भन्दैन। (Statement: “The market is the biggest in the region.” Passage ले आकारको तुलना नै गर्दैन।)
आफूलाई सोध्नुहोस्: “यो statement गलत हो भनेर प्रमाणित गर्ने वाक्य passage मा छ?” छ भने FALSE; छैन भने NOT GIVEN।

Qualifier शब्दमा ध्यान

एउटा सानो शब्दले पूरा उत्तर बदल्न सक्छ। Statement र passage दुवैमा यी शब्द खोज्नुहोस्:

प्रकारशब्दहरू
मात्राall, most, some, a few, none
आवृत्तिalways, usually, sometimes, never
सीमाonly, just, mainly, entirely
तुलनाmore than, the largest, the first
निश्चितताmay, might, will certainly, it is possible

उदाहरण: Passage: “Some residents complained.” Statement: “All residents complained.” → FALSE।

हल गर्ने चरण

  1. Statement पढ्नुहोस् र keyword (नाम, संख्या, विशेष शब्द) underline गर्नुहोस्।
  2. Scan गरेर passage मा सम्बन्धित भाग भेट्टाउनुहोस्। उत्तर प्रायः passage को क्रममै आउँछन्।
  3. त्यो भाग ध्यानसँग पढ्नुहोस् र statement को हरेक भाग तुलना गर्नुहोस्।
  4. सामान्य ज्ञान प्रयोग नगर्नुहोस्। Passage ले नभनेको कुरा, वास्तविक संसारमा सत्य भए पनि, NOT GIVEN हो।

महत्वपूर्ण परिभाषा

  • Statement: तपाईंले जाँच्नुपर्ने वाक्य।
  • Qualifier: दाबीको मात्रा वा सीमा तोक्ने शब्द (some, only, always)।
  • Contradict: उल्टो भन्नु, खण्डन गर्नु — FALSE/NO को आधार।
  • Claim: लेखकको दाबी वा विचार — YNNG को आधार।
  • Background knowledge: आफ्नो सामान्य ज्ञान — यो प्रश्नमा प्रयोग गर्न नहुने।

उदाहरण

Passage 1 (तथ्य): True / False / Not Given

The Riverside Night Market in Eastbridge first opened in 2011 with just fifteen stalls, most of them selling hot food. It was the idea of the town council, which hoped to bring more visitors into the centre after the shops had closed. At first, the market ran only on Friday evenings during the summer months. Its popularity grew quickly, and by 2015 it was operating every Friday and Saturday throughout the year.

Today, the market has more than sixty stalls. Food is still the main attraction, but visitors can also buy handmade jewellery, second-hand books and locally grown flowers. Stallholders must live within twenty miles of the town, a rule designed to support local businesses. Live music is performed on a small stage near the entrance, although some nearby residents have complained about the noise.

  1. The market began with fewer than twenty stalls.
  2. The market was started by a group of local traders.
  3. In its first year, the market opened on Friday evenings all year round.
  4. The market is now the largest night market in the region.
  5. All stallholders must live within twenty miles of Eastbridge.
  6. The council reduced the volume of the music after complaints.
  7. Food is no longer the main reason people visit.
उत्तर र व्याख्या हेर्नुहोस्
  1. TRUE — fifteen stalls = fewer than twenty।
  2. FALSE — “the idea of the town council”; traders होइन।
  3. FALSE — “only… during the summer months”; all year round होइन।
  4. NOT GIVEN — अरू market सँग तुलना नै छैन।
  5. TRUE — “Stallholders must live within twenty miles of the town” = सबै stallholder लाई लागू हुने नियम।
  6. NOT GIVEN — Complaint को कुरा छ, तर council ले के गर्‍यो भनिएको छैन। धेरैले यहाँ FALSE छान्छन्।
  7. FALSE — “Food is still the main attraction”।

Passage 2 (विचार): Yes / No / Not Given

Language learning apps are often described as a revolution in education. I am not convinced. There is no doubt that they are convenient: a learner can practise vocabulary on the bus or during a lunch break, and many apps are free. However, I believe their greatest weakness is that they rarely require learners to speak to another human being. Real conversation is unpredictable, and only by facing that unpredictability do we become confident speakers. Apps certainly have a place, particularly for beginners who need to build basic vocabulary. But anyone who hopes to become fluent through an app alone is, in my view, likely to be disappointed.

Do the statements agree with the claims of the writer?

  1. Language learning apps are a revolution in education.
  2. Apps are convenient for learners.
  3. Apps are more effective than textbooks.
  4. Apps can be useful for beginners.
  5. Most app users stop using them within a few months.
उत्तर र व्याख्या हेर्नुहोस्
  1. NO — अरूले यस्तो भन्छन्, तर लेखक “I am not convinced”।
  2. YES — “There is no doubt that they are convenient”।
  3. NOT GIVEN — Textbook को उल्लेख नै छैन।
  4. YES — “Apps certainly have a place, particularly for beginners”।
  5. NOT GIVEN — प्रयोग छोड्ने बारे केही भनिएको छैन।

शब्दभण्डार

English शब्दनेपाली अर्थउदाहरण
contradictखण्डन गर्नुThe passage contradicts the statement.
claimदाबीThe writer’s claim is clear.
convincedविश्वस्तI am not convinced.
stallholderपसले (बजारको stall चलाउने)Stallholders must live locally.
rarelyविरलैApps rarely require speaking.
particularlyविशेष गरीparticularly for beginners
qualifierसीमा जनाउने शब्द‘Some’ is a qualifier.

सामान्य गल्ती

  • Statement मा passage को शब्द भेटिएकै आधारमा TRUE लेख्नु।
  • जानकारी नभएको अवस्थालाई FALSE ठान्नु — त्यो NOT GIVEN हो।
  • आफ्नो सामान्य ज्ञानले “सत्य” लागेको कुरालाई TRUE लेख्नु।
  • Qualifier (some/all, only, usually) नमिलाउनु।
  • TFNG मा YES/NO लेख्नु वा YNNG मा TRUE/FALSE लेख्नु।
  • Statement को एक भाग मात्र जाँच्नु; पूरा statement मिल्नुपर्छ।

सारांश

  • TRUE/YES = मेल खान्छ; FALSE/NO = उल्टो भन्छ; NOT GIVEN = जानकारी छैन।
  • TFNG तथ्यका लागि, YNNG लेखकको विचारका लागि।
  • FALSE भन्न passage मा खण्डन गर्ने वाक्य हुनैपर्छ।
  • Qualifier शब्द र statement का सबै भाग तुलना गर्नुहोस्।
  • उत्तर प्रायः passage को क्रममा आउँछन्; सामान्य ज्ञान प्रयोग नगर्नुहोस्।

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