Writing Task 2: नमुना उत्तर र विश्लेषण

सिक्ने लक्ष्य

• नमुना essay लाई चार Writing criteria (Task Response, Coherence & Cohesion, Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range & Accuracy) बाट पढ्न।
• Discussion र Problem–Solution essay को पूरा उत्तर कस्तो हुन्छ भनेर देख्न।
• कमजोर paragraph का समस्या पहिचान गरेर सुधार्न।
• नमुना essay बाट आफ्नो लेखनमा प्रयोग गर्न सकिने ढाँचा निकाल्न।

मुख्य व्याख्या

नमुना essay कसरी पढ्ने?

नमुना essay रटेर परीक्षामा लेख्न मिल्दैन; प्रश्न फरक हुन्छ र examiner ले memorised भाषा चिन्छन्। नमुनाबाट संरचना, विचार विकास गर्ने तरिका र phrase सिक्ने हो।

हरेक नमुना पढ्दा चार प्रश्न सोध्नुहोस्:

नमुना A: Discussion essay

Some people think that the best way to reduce traffic congestion in cities is to build more roads, while others believe that improving public transport is more effective. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Traffic jams have become a daily frustration in many growing cities. While some people argue that constructing additional roads is the most effective response, others maintain that investment in public transport would bring better results. In my view, although new roads can offer short-term relief, better public transport is the more sustainable solution.

Those who favour road building point out that many cities were designed for far fewer vehicles than they now carry. Narrow streets and a lack of ring roads force all traffic through the same few junctions, so widening key routes or adding a bypass can noticeably reduce journey times. In addition, road projects produce visible results relatively quickly, which makes them popular with both drivers and politicians.

On the other hand, supporters of public transport argue that extra roads simply encourage more people to drive, so congestion soon returns. A single bus can carry dozens of passengers in the space taken up by two or three cars, and a metro line can move large numbers of commuters without using any road space at all. If services are frequent, safe and affordable, many people who currently drive would happily leave their cars at home.

I believe the second argument is more convincing. Road building treats the symptom rather than the cause, whereas public transport reduces the number of vehicles that need to use the roads in the first place. It also brings additional benefits, such as cleaner air and cheaper travel for people on low incomes.

In conclusion, while improving key roads may help in some locations, governments should focus their spending on efficient public transport if they want a lasting solution to congestion.

नमुना A को विश्लेषण

• Task Response: दुवै view छुट्टै paragraph मा, र opinion तीन ठाउँमा (intro, छुट्टै paragraph, conclusion) एकनास छ।
• Coherence: “Those who favour…”, “On the other hand, supporters of…” ले कुन view कहाँ छ भन्ने स्पष्ट पार्छ।
• Lexical Resource: “short-term relief”, “treats the symptom rather than the cause”, “a lasting solution” जस्ता सटीक collocation।
• Grammar: concession (although, while), relative clause (which makes them popular), conditional (If services are frequent…)।
• प्रश्नमा नभएको तथ्यांक बनाइएको छैन; तर्क सामान्य ज्ञानमा आधारित छ।

नमुना B: Problem–Solution essay

In many countries, young people are moving from rural areas to cities. What problems does this cause, and what can be done to solve them?

In many developing countries, villages are losing their young people as they move to cities in search of education and employment. This trend creates serious difficulties both for the communities left behind and for the cities that receive the newcomers, but there are practical steps that governments can take to address them.

The most obvious problem in rural areas is a shortage of working-age people. When young adults leave, farms are often left to elderly relatives who cannot manage them alone, and some fertile land may be abandoned altogether. Cities, meanwhile, struggle to absorb large numbers of new arrivals. Housing becomes expensive, informal settlements grow, and services such as water supply and public transport come under pressure. Many newcomers also end up in low-paid, insecure jobs because they lack the skills or contacts needed for better positions.

Several measures could ease these problems. Firstly, governments could make rural life more attractive by investing in reliable internet, roads and health care, so that young people can run small businesses or work remotely without leaving home. Secondly, practical agricultural training and access to affordable loans could help young farmers turn traditional farming into a profitable modern enterprise. Finally, city authorities need to plan for growth rather than simply react to it, for example by building affordable housing and expanding public transport before overcrowding becomes severe.

In conclusion, the movement of young people to cities leaves villages short of workers and places heavy pressure on urban services. However, by improving opportunities in rural areas and planning urban growth more carefully, governments can significantly reduce the scale of these problems.

नमुना B को विश्लेषण

• Task Response: दुवै प्रश्न (problems, solutions) को उत्तर छ। समस्या गाउँ र सहर दुवैतिर देखाइएको छ।
• Coherence: समाधान paragraph मा “Firstly, Secondly, Finally” ले सूची स्पष्ट बनाउँछ, र हरेक समाधान माथिको कुनै समस्यासँग जोडिन्छ।
• Lexical Resource: “working-age people”, “absorb new arrivals”, “come under pressure”, “plan for growth”।
• ध्यान दिनुहोस्: यहाँ “I think” छैन, किनभने प्रश्नले opinion मागेको छैन। समाधान सुझाउनु नै उत्तर हो।

कमजोर paragraph बनाम सुधारिएको paragraph

कमजोर version (एउटै प्रश्न, नमुना A को body):

Nowadays traffic is very big problem in all over the world. Government should make more roads because roads are very important. If there is more roads then traffic will be less. Also roads are good for economy. So making roads is very good idea.

सुधारिएको version:

Traffic congestion has become a serious problem in many cities. One argument is that governments should build more roads, since many urban areas were designed for far fewer vehicles than they now carry. Widening a busy route or adding a bypass can shorten journey times, and improved roads can also make it cheaper for businesses to transport goods.

सुधारिएको version मा विचार उही छ, तर हरेक दाबीपछि कारण वा परिणाम छ, र grammar सही छ।

महत्वपूर्ण परिभाषा

• Concession: विपक्षी विचारको केही अंश स्वीकार गर्नु (Although…, Admittedly…)।
• Collocation: स्वाभाविक रूपमा सँगै आउने शब्द (pose a threat, a lasting solution)।
• Idea development: दाबी → कारण → उदाहरण/परिणाम सम्म विचार पुर्‍याउनु।
• Memorised language: प्रश्नसँग सम्बन्ध नभएका रटिएका वाक्य; यसले अंक बढाउँदैन।

उदाहरण

नमुनाबाट तपाईंको आफ्नै essay मा सार्न सकिने ढाँचा (विषय जुनसुकै होस्):

• Discussion thesis: In my view, although X can help, Y is the more effective solution.
• View परिचय: Those who favour X point out that…
• विपक्ष: On the other hand, supporters of Y argue that…
• समाधान: Several measures could ease these problems.
• अन्त्य: Governments can significantly reduce the scale of this problem.

शब्दभण्डार

सामान्य गल्ती

• नमुना essay रट्नु: विषय फरक हुँदा रटिएको essay प्रश्नसँग मेल खाँदैन र Task Response घट्छ।
• Problem–Solution मा opinion मात्र: “I think this is bad” लेखेर समाधान नदिनु।
• Discussion मा एउटा view मात्र विकास: दुवै view लाई करिब बराबर ठाउँ दिनुहोस्।
• “very” को अति प्रयोग: “very big problem” को सट्टा “serious”, “severe”, “major” प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
• बनावटी तथ्यांक: “80% of people say…” जस्ता अंक बनाउनुभन्दा सामान्य, विश्वसनीय उदाहरण दिनुहोस्।

सारांश

• नमुना essay रट्ने होइन, संरचना र phrase सिक्ने साधन हो।
• हरेक नमुनालाई चार criteria बाट विश्लेषण गर्नुहोस्।
• Discussion: दुवै view + स्पष्ट opinion; Problem–Solution: समस्या + मिल्दो समाधान।
• कमजोर लेखनको मुख्य कारण: article/agreement गल्ती, दोहोरिएका शब्द र विकास नभएका विचार।