फार्माकोलोजी – Pharmacology MCQ
फार्माकोलोजी – अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नर्सिङ
Pharmacology · International Nursing (NCLEX-RN, DHA, HAAD) · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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When should a trough level of an IV antibiotic be drawn?
सही उत्तर: क) Just before the next scheduled dose
The trough is the lowest concentration, occurring just before the next dose. Peak levels are drawn after the infusion has distributed.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which serious adverse effects are most associated with aminoglycosides such as gentamicin?
सही उत्तर: घ) Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides damage renal tubules and the eighth cranial nerve. Peak and trough levels, creatinine and hearing are monitored.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A client receiving IV vancomycin develops flushing and an erythematous rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause?
सही उत्तर: ग) Infusing the drug too rapidly
Vancomycin infusion reaction (formerly 'red man syndrome') is related to rapid infusion causing histamine release. It is managed by slowing the infusion, usually over at least 60 minutes.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which agent is used to treat malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia?
सही उत्तर: ख) Dantrolene
Dantrolene reduces calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, stopping the hypermetabolic muscle state. Succinylcholine is a common trigger of malignant hyperthermia.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which drug is the antidote for organophosphate (insecticide) poisoning, used to reverse muscarinic effects?
सही उत्तर: क) Atropine
Atropine blocks muscarinic receptors and reduces secretions and bradycardia caused by excess acetylcholine. Pralidoxime is added to reactivate cholinesterase; neostigmine would worsen toxicity.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A client on digoxin reports nausea and seeing yellow-green halos around lights. What should the nurse suspect?
सही उत्तर: घ) Digoxin toxicity
Gastrointestinal upset and visual changes such as yellow-green halos are classic signs of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should hold the dose and check a serum digoxin level.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which electrolyte imbalance increases the risk of digoxin toxicity?
सही उत्तर: ग) Hypokalemia
Low potassium increases digoxin binding to the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, enhancing toxicity. This is why potassium is monitored in clients on digoxin with loop diuretics.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which drug is used to treat severe digoxin toxicity with life-threatening dysrhythmias?
सही उत्तर: ख) Digoxin immune fab (DigiFab)
Digoxin immune fab binds free digoxin and removes it from its site of action. Calcium is avoided in digoxin toxicity because it may worsen dysrhythmias.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which antidote is used for iron poisoning?
सही उत्तर: क) Deferoxamine
Deferoxamine chelates free iron, which is excreted in urine (often giving it a reddish 'vin rosé' colour). Dimercaprol is used for arsenic, mercury and lead.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which agent is used to reverse the anticoagulant effect of warfarin?
सही उत्तर: घ) Vitamin K (phytonadione)
Vitamin K allows the liver to synthesise clotting factors II, VII, IX and X that warfarin inhibits. Protamine reverses heparin, not warfarin.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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