फार्माकोलोजी – Pharmacology MCQ

फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर

सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।

सही: ० / ०

151. A client taking metoprolol (a beta-blocker) experiences shortness of breath and chest tightness. Which of the following is the *most* likely explanation for this reaction?

     कA) Hypersensitivity to metoprolol खB) Excessive stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors causing vasoconstriction गC) Bronchospasm due to decreased beta-2 adrenergic receptor activity घD) Cardiac tamponade
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

152. In 2023, a client diagnosed with atrial fibrillation is started on warfarin for anticoagulation. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor *most* closely to assess the patient’s risk of bleeding?

     कA) White blood cell count खB) Prothrombin Time (PT) / International Normalized Ratio (INR) गC) Serum Creatinine घD) Hemoglobin
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

153. A client taking isoniazid (INH) for tuberculosis has developed a persistently bitter taste in their mouth. This side effect is most commonly associated with which of the following?

     कA) Hypersensitivity reaction खB) Liver toxicity गC) Peripheral neuropathy घD) Mucosal irritation
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

154. A client with hypertension is prescribed amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker. The nurse understands that the primary mechanism of action for this drug involves which of the following?

     कA) Increasing heart rate and contractility खB) Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors to reduce blood pressure गC) Relaxing vascular smooth muscle leading to vasodilation घD) Stimulating aldosterone secretion to increase sodium retention
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

155. A patient requires intravenous administration of vancomycin. The nurse understands that monitoring for what laboratory test is crucial in preventing adverse reactions?

     कA) Complete Blood Count (CBC) खB) Serum Electrolytes गC) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) घD) Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

156. A patient with a history of asthma is being discharged home on montelukast (a leukotriene receptor antagonist). The nurse’s teaching regarding this medication should include:

     कA) Taking the medication before bedtime for optimal bronchodilation. खB) Maintaining regular, long-term use to prevent severe allergic reactions. गC) Reporting any rash or difficulty breathing immediately to the physician. घD) Combining it with a short-acting beta agonist (SABA) for enhanced relief.
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

157. A client with hypertension is taking lisinopril (a common ACE inhibitor). The nurse reviews the patient's laboratory results and notes a significantly elevated serum creatinine level. What is the MOST likely explanation for this finding?

     कA) Increased renal blood flow secondary to the ACE inhibitor. खB) Decreased glomerular filtration rate due to ACE inhibition. गC) Enhanced sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule. घD) Activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

158. A patient is receiving morphine for pain management. The nurse observes cyanosis (bluish discoloration) of the lips and fingertips. Which of the following actions should the nurse take FIRST?

     कA) Administer a second dose of morphine as prescribed. खB) Notify the physician immediately and document the observation. गC) Elevate the patient’s legs to promote venous return. घD) Assess the patient’s respiratory rate and depth.
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

159. A patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which of the following findings would MOST indicate that the dose is appropriate?

     कA) Decreased urine output and weight gain of 2 kg in 24 hours. खB) Elevated serum potassium levels and a dry mucous membrane. गC) Normal blood pressure, decreased edema, and reduced shortness of breath. घD) Increased thirst and confusion, accompanied by a decrease in central venous pressure.
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

160. A client is prescribed ranitidine for heartburn. Which statement correctly explains how this medication works?

     कIncreases gastric acid secretion खStimulates parietal cell proliferation गBlocks histamine receptors to reduce stomach acid production घPromotes the absorption of hydrochloric acid
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।