सिभिल इन्जिनियरिङ
सिभिल इन्जिनियरिङ
Civil Engineering · ५,१७१ प्रश्न
५,१७१ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
सिभिल इन्जिनियरिङ: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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The water table is 2 m below ground. Soil above has γ = 18 kN/m³ and below has γsat = 20 kN/m³. Taking γw = 10 kN/m³, the effective vertical stress at 6 m depth is:
सही उत्तर: ख) 76 kPa
σ = 2 × 18 + 4 × 20 = 116 kPa; u = 4 × 10 = 40 kPa; σ' = 116 − 40 = 76 kPa.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The height of capillary rise in a soil is approximately:
सही उत्तर: ग) Inversely proportional to the void ratio and effective size (C/(e·D10))
Hazen's empirical relation hc = C/(e·D10) shows finer, denser soils have higher capillary rise.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The most reliable method for determining the in-situ average permeability of a large deposit of soil below the water table is:
सही उत्तर: घ) Pumping-out test from a well
A field pumping test measures drawdown in observation wells and gives the average permeability of a large soil mass.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The coefficient of permeability of a soil is approximately proportional to:
सही उत्तर: ख) The square of the effective grain size (D10²)
Hazen's relation k ≈ C·D10² shows permeability varies roughly with the square of the effective size.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Two horizontal layers, 2 m thick with k = 10⁻⁴ m/s and 3 m thick with k = 10⁻⁶ m/s, carry flow parallel to the bedding. The equivalent horizontal permeability is about:
सही उत्तर: क) 4.06 × 10⁻⁵ m/s
kh = Σk·H/ΣH = (10⁻⁴ × 2 + 10⁻⁶ × 3)/5 = 2.03 × 10⁻⁴/5 ≈ 4.06 × 10⁻⁵ m/s (controlled by the more pervious layer).
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Water flows through a sand (k = 10⁻³ cm/s, porosity 0.4) under a hydraulic gradient of 0.5. The seepage velocity is:
सही उत्तर: ग) 1.25 × 10⁻³ cm/s
Discharge velocity v = ki = 5 × 10⁻⁴ cm/s; seepage velocity vs = v/n = 5 × 10⁻⁴/0.4 = 1.25 × 10⁻³ cm/s.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Using Hazen's formula k = C·D10² with C = 100 (k in cm/s, D10 in cm), the permeability of a sand with D10 = 0.2 mm is:
सही उत्तर: ख) 0.04 cm/s
D10 = 0.02 cm; k = 100 × 0.02² = 0.04 cm/s.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In clays, a flocculated structure is characterised by:
सही उत्तर: ख) Edge-to-face contacts between particles due to net attractive forces
Flocculated clay has random edge-to-face contacts (attraction dominant); dispersed clay has parallel, face-to-face particles.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Among the common clay minerals, the one that is most stable and shows the least swelling is:
सही उत्तर: घ) Kaolinite
Kaolinite layers are held by strong hydrogen bonds, so it absorbs little water and swells least; montmorillonite swells most.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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For a sand to be classified as well graded (SW), the coefficient of uniformity Cu and coefficient of curvature Cc should be:
सही उत्तर: ख) Cu greater than 6 and Cc between 1 and 3
Well-graded sand needs Cu > 6 and 1 ≤ Cc ≤ 3; for well-graded gravel Cu > 4.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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