Taliban : History and every Detail About Taliwani
Taliban The Islamic Jihad group, the Taliban, has invaded Afghanistan. Less than a month after the withdrawal of US-led NATO forces from the country for two decades, President-elect Asraf Ghani fled the country. As in the rest of the world, this incident in Nepal also generated many waves and reactions. Some of the responses seemed surprising and worth discussing.
While looking at social media, I saw a Nepali youth writing: ‘Yes, I am a partisan of the Taliban. The Taliban is a pro-cultural nationalist force. The Taliban is a true soldier of Afghan nationalism. The Taliban fighters are real heroes, I salute them. Nepal needs a similar cultural-nationalist force. We need Hindu-Taliban. ‘
The ‘extremist thinking’ prevailing in this statement can be easily felt. Such perceptions of one person will not determine the political direction and pace of the country, but one must be careful about why and how right-wing ‘extremist’ thinking is emerging and pervading society.
This is not the first time the Taliban have come to power in Afghanistan. In 1994, it captured Kandahar for the first time. Kabul was ruled by Mujahideen. For almost two years, there was a situation of dual power. In 1996, the Taliban captured Kabul. The Taliban fled Kabul in 2001 after NATO troops entered the country. The first term of the Taliban was about six years from the time of the capture of Kandahar to the time of their flight from Kabul. Evaluating the Taliban regime, that first regime cannot be ruled out.
How to understand the Taliban’s ideology, power and rise? How to evaluate? This in itself is a complex and intricate question.
The “voice theory” says that the human vision of looking at, analyzing and understanding any existence, event, process is not only determined by concrete causes and material interests, but also has psychological dimensions. Not only conscious but also unconscious and subconscious causes. ‘Voice’ (prejudice / prejudice / bias) is an obstacle in the method and process of searching for the truth, the result of which is ultimately harmful.
When Nepalis evaluate the Taliban, it cannot be said that this statement of ‘voice theory’ does not work. Referring to Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan’s support for the Taliban, Nasreen said, “Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan loves the Taliban very much. The Taliban say they have broken the shackles of slavery. But if Khan had two daughters instead of two sons and they lived in Afghanistan instead of the UK, what would Imran say? ‘
Afghanistan has no direct relationship or interest with Nepal. Nepal and Afghanistan do not share a border. Afghanistan is also not a significant trading partner or labor destination for Nepal. There is very little exchange of tourism, art, literature, music and cinema between the two countries. Religiously, Afghanistan is an Islamic country while Nepal is a multi-religious country. Nepal is a country of religious freedom with original and eternal culture like Hindu, Buddhist, Kirat, Bonpo. Muslims are a religious minority community in Nepal.
Even so, Afghanistan is a friend of Nepal. It is a South Asian country, which is with Nepal in SAARC. Many dimensions of Hindu and Buddhist mythology are connected with Afghanistan. A generation of Nepalis grew up reading Rabindranath Tagore’s story ‘Kabuliwala’. After the end of the Taliban regime in 2001 and the invasion of NATO forces, Afghanistan became a destination for Nepali workers.
At one time, due to the rise of the Soviet Union, the establishment and collapse of the communist regime, Afghanistan used to be a topic of discussion in the intellectual world of Nepal. Communist ideology has a wide influence in Nepal’s politics.
Nepal’s impact on Afghanistan is not ‘hard’, it is ‘soft’. However, the strong presence of the Afghan phenomenon in Nepal’s “collective subconscious” is evident from the perception expressed after the resurgence of the Taliban. There has been a good presence and discussion of Afghan developments in Nepali media and social media.
Analyzing the resurgence of the Taliban in Afghanistan, the first reason for the ‘voice barrier’ may be Muslim versus non-Muslim ‘mind set’. To reduce this, let’s try to understand from the expressions of some scholars, writers and thinkers of the Muslim world.
Taslima Nasreen is a world-renowned Bangladeshi writer of Muslim descent. She is living in exile in India because of a fatwa issued by religious extremists in Bangladesh. She was forced to live in exile after writing a “shame” story about the 1992 religious riots in Bangladesh following the demolition of the Babri Masjid and the ensuing atrocities against the Bangladeshi Hindu community.
His tweets about the Afghan incident can be considered a representative expression of the “left-liberal-secular” view of the Muslim world. In a tweet, he called Afghanistan “Talibanistan.” “Please help the civilized Afghans leave Talibanistan,” she said.
Famous Indian poet, filmmaker, eminent public intellectual Javed Akhtar belongs to the Muslim community. “The United States is a world power that cannot defeat the Taliban,” he said. What kind of human rights is the world talking about, leaving Afghan women in a world of merciless fundamentalism? ‘
These statements by Nasrin and Akhtar confirm that the approach to the Afghan problem is not a question of “Muslim and non-Muslim perspectives.” Above all, it is a question of worldview. With the resurgence of the Taliban, the Muslim world is divided into two parts
There is. It also raises the question of Islamic fundamentalism, unlike Muslim religiosity and spirituality.
In another tweet, Taslima says, “When Muslims kill Muslims, most Muslims remain silent.” When non-Muslims kill Muslims, most Muslims are outraged. Their grief is only for Palestine, not for Afghanistan. ‘
It is clear that the question of ‘Muslim’ versus ‘Islam’ is attractive here. ‘Muslim’ is a religion, a spirituality. It is a spiritual lifestyle and method. “Islamic jihad” is not religion, it is religious politics. Religion-based political bigotry. Nowhere in the world has there been a single example of ‘religious politics’ doing well, building a civilized, well-governed, prosperous, modern and democratic society.
Therefore, the rise of the Taliban is not just a question of philosophical and ideological promotionism, which is being pushed in Nepal by intellectual, decent and distinguished journalists like Yuvaraj Ghimire. In fact, it is a battle of ‘promotionalism’ versus ‘religious fundamentalism’. Among Nepal’s promoters and neo-promoters, there is an illusion that the resurgence of the Taliban is the rise of ‘cultural nationalism’ and that it is a victory for promotionalism.
The basis for the rise of the Taliban is not, in fact, promotionalism, but “religious fundamentalism.” Conservatism and religious fundamentalism are not the same, they are different political ideologies. Promotionalism seeks the ‘priority’ of any fundamental and local religion / philosophy / culture, but religious fundamentalism considers ‘crusade’ the essence of life and the duty of the state. It would be suicidal to rejoice in the resurgence of the Taliban without understanding this difference.
With the rise of the Taliban comes Sharia law and the violation of the rights of women and minorities. That is for sure. Democracy cannot be strong without strong democratic power. In such a country, one after another undemocratic forces and armed groups are fighting, war, conflict and tension. Power continues to be exchanged between warlords. For the people, it is just like a hot pot.
That was evident during the first Taliban regime. They banned women’s education. Buddha statues in Bamiyan and Hindu temples in different parts of the country were demolished. Women were required to wear a burqa. They had hijacked an Air India flight from Nepal and helped it land in Kandahar. Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden were given protection. Assessing the Taliban, these key events of their first term cannot be forgotten.
Referring to Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan’s support for the Taliban, Nasreen said, “Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan loves the Taliban very much. The Taliban say they have broken the shackles of slavery. If Khan had two daughters instead of two sons and they lived in Afghanistan instead of the UK, what would Imran say? ‘
Assessing the possible scenario of Taliban rule, she tweeted: “The Taliban say that the rights and freedoms of women and minorities will be respected under Sharia law. The problem is that the rights and freedoms of women and minorities are not enshrined in Sharia law. ‘
The events of the past few days have confirmed that. Afghan women take to the streets against the Taliban.
Despite the small number of uncertainty, fear and terror, the women’s performance is adventurous. Within days of the Taliban’s invasion of Kabul, a number of women’s rights activists and intellectuals have been reported to have been stoned to death in the square in accordance with the extremist penal code.
In the 21st century, without the rights of women and minorities, it would not be logical to support principles and governance.
Another point of view on the Afghan question is ‘inside’ versus ‘outside’. The idea that US and NATO troops should not have come to Afghanistan is strong here, this argument is not wrong in itself. People with a communist background in particular believe that US imperialism has led to the resurgence of “Muslim fundamentalist cultural nationalism” in Afghanistan and the resurgence of the Taliban. But practical facts do not support this argument.
The rise of the Taliban came long before US and NATO forces entered Afghanistan. US and NATO forces entered Afghanistan only after the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979.
The Communists ruled the country for about 14 years under the auspices of the Soviet Union. During the same period, the Mujahideen developed. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan long before the United States. The Soviet army suppressed local political forces and brought to power a communist group that was then very weak and small.
That was during the Cold War. When the Soviet army sided with the communist wing of the Socialist People’s Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), the mujahideen were said to have American support from within. During the Cold War, India was under the control of the Soviet Union and Pakistan was under the control of the United States. Through Pakistan, the US provided money and weapons to the Mujahideen.
In 1989, Soviet troops withdrew from Afghanistan. In 1992, Najibullah’s regime collapsed and the Mujahideen came to power. The founder of the Taliban, Mullah Mohammad Omar, was a Mujahideen commander. He was repeatedly wounded in the Mujahideen-Soviet war. One of his eyes was broken. He joined the Taliban in 1992 due to the disintegration and sabotage of the Mujahideen group.
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