फार्माकोलोजी – Pharmacology MCQ
फार्माकोलोजी – अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नर्सिङ
Pharmacology · International Nursing (NCLEX-RN, DHA, HAAD) · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Which statement best describes the mechanism of action of acetaminophen (paracetamol)?
सही उत्तर: ख) Directly reduces pain signals from peripheral nerves
Acetaminophen primarily acts by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system, reducing the perception of pain. While it has some analgesic effects, its mechanism differs significantly from NSAIDs which inhibit COX enzymes.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient is suspected of organophosphate poisoning and requires immediate treatment. Which medication should the nurse administer first?
सही उत्तर: क) Atropine
Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist that directly counteracts the effects of organophosphates by blocking their action at muscarinic receptors. Naloxone reverses opioid effects, flumazenil reverses benzodiazepines and protamine sulfate reverses heparin.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A client taking metoprolol for hypertension experiences dizziness and lightheadedness upon standing. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely contributing to this symptom?
सही उत्तर: ग) Hyponatremia
Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, can exacerbate hypokalemia, which increases the risk of orthostatic hypotension due to impaired baroreceptor function. Hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia are less likely causes of this specific symptom.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A client with chronic heart failure is prescribed spironolactone. The nurse understands that the primary therapeutic effect of this medication is to reduce fluid retention by inhibiting which hormone?
सही उत्तर: क) Aldosterone
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks aldosterone, leading to reduced sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. The other options are steroid hormones with different primary effects.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient receiving intravenous furosemide (Lasix) reports dark urine. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
सही उत्तर: ख) Increased renal blood flow
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases urinary output by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This leads to increased excretion of electrolytes, including magnesium and calcium, which can result in dark urine ( Randall's Syndrome). Hypovolemia would generally cause decreased urine output.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following medications would be most appropriate to administer *after* a patient has been successfully treated with morphine for severe pain?
सही उत्तर: क) Fentanyl
Fentanyl is a short-acting opioid antagonist that reverses the effects of opioids like morphine. It works by binding to opioid receptors and blocking further activation. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and codeine are all analgesics but do not reverse opioid effects.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which statement best describes the mechanism of action for metoprolol, a commonly used beta-blocker?
सही उत्तर: ग) Reduces heart rate and blood pressure by blocking beta receptors in the heart
Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that specifically targets beta receptors in the cardiovascular system, leading to decreased heart rate and subsequently reduced blood pressure. The other options describe different pharmacological mechanisms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient is prescribed amlodipine besylate for hypertension. The nurse anticipates which of the following common adverse effects in this patient?
सही उत्तर: क) Peripheral edema
Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that primarily causes peripheral edema due to vasodilation and increased capillary filling. The other options are not typical adverse effects of this medication.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A nurse is administering a medication via continuous intravenous infusion. The patient's vital signs are monitored closely. Which parameter requires the MOST immediate attention during this process?
सही उत्तर: ख) Heart Rate
The heart rate is the most critical parameter to monitor during continuous IV infusions as changes can rapidly indicate a serious adverse reaction like arrhythmia or vasodilation, potentially leading to hypotension. While all options are important for patient assessment, fluctuations in heart rate require immediate intervention and correction.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient taking oral iron supplements reports significant gastrointestinal (GI) distress following administration. The nurse determines that which factor most likely contributes to this adverse effect?
सही उत्तर: ग) c) Decreased stomach pH, reducing iron solubility.
Option 2 is correct as iron salts can reduce stomach pH, decreasing their solubility and causing irritation of the GI tract. Options ‘a’, ‘c’ and ‘d’ are less directly related to this specific adverse effect.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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