फार्माकोलोजी – Pharmacology MCQ
फार्माकोलोजी – अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नर्सिङ
Pharmacology · International Nursing (NCLEX-RN, DHA, HAAD) · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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A client with chronic heart failure is taking digoxin for symptom management. The nurse observes the following symptoms in the patient: nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and arrhythmias. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement *first*?
सही उत्तर: घ) d) Initiate intravenous calcium gluconate.
Option 3 is correct because assessing vital signs (pulse, respiration) is the priority in digoxin toxicity to rapidly evaluate the severity of arrhythmia, which is a life-threatening manifestation. Option ‘b’ is appropriate but after initial assessment. Options ‘a’ and ‘d’ are interventions for managing specific symptoms, not the immediate first step.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient is prescribed intravenous gentamicin for a severe bacterial infection. The nurse should closely monitor which laboratory value?
सही उत्तर: ख) b) White blood cell count, indicating potential bone marrow suppression.
Option 1 is correct; aminoglycosides like gentamicin are known to cause nephrotoxicity (damage to the kidneys), and serum creatinine levels are a key indicator of this. Option ‘b’ correctly identifies another potential side effect but is not the primary one to monitor.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A client diagnosed with schizophrenia is prescribed risperidone. The nurse understands that a key adverse effect to monitor for in this patient is which of the following?
सही उत्तर: ग) c) Hypoglycemia secondary to increased insulin release.
Option 2 is correct as risperidone (and many other antipsychotics) commonly causes tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder due to dopamine receptor blockade. Options ‘a’, ‘c’ and ‘d’ are less likely adverse effects associated with this medication.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravenous hydrocortisone. The physician orders a serum potassium level to be checked. Why is this important monitoring?
सही उत्तर: ख) b) Hyperkalemia can exacerbate the effects of hydrocortisone, leading to cardiac arrhythmias.
Option 1 is correct because long-term corticosteroid use can lead to hyperkalemia due to mineralocorticoid suppression. Option 2 is correct because hyperkalemia significantly increases the risk of cardiac complications when combined with hydrocortisone. Options ‘a’ and ‘c’ are less relevant, while option ‘d’ misrepresents the primary physiological effect of hydrocortisone.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A client with a history of penicillin allergy is prescribed cefazolin for a skin infection. The nurse should anticipate which potential adverse reaction? a) Bronchospasm b) Generalized urticaria and angioedema c) Tachycardia and hypotension d) Glossitis
सही उत्तर: ख) b) Generalized urticaria and angioedema
Penicillin allergies are frequently associated with bronchospasm. Option B (urticaria and angioedema) is a common allergic reaction but not specifically tied to penicillin. Options C & D are less likely reactions to cefazolin, which is a cephalosporin.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient taking oral ketoconazole for fungal infection reports nausea and vomiting. The nurse recognizes that this adverse effect is most likely due to which mechanism of action? a) Inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase b) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis c) Stimulation of gastric acid secretion d) Blockade of histamine H2 receptors
सही उत्तर: ख) b) Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis
Ketoconazole inhibits the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, which is essential for fungal cell wall synthesis. This inhibition leads to various side effects like nausea and vomiting. Options B (ergosterol inhibition), C (gastric acid stimulation) and D (H2-receptor blockade) are not directly linked to ketoconazole’s primary mechanism.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following medications would be MOST appropriate for managing acute hypertension? a) Lisinopril b) Metoprolol c) Furosemide d) Pantoprazole
सही उत्तर: घ) d) Pantoprazole
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that rapidly reduces blood volume and lowers blood pressure. Lisinopril (ACE inhibitor), metoprolol (beta-blocker), and pantoprazole (proton pump inhibitor) are used for other conditions and not as first-line agents for acute hypertension.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed systemic corticosteroids for exacerbations. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse closely monitor? a) Increased risk of hypotension b) Elevated white blood cell count and potential adrenal suppression c) Decreased appetite and weight gain d) Increased cardiac output
सही उत्तर: ख) b) Elevated white blood cell count and potential adrenal suppression
Systemic corticosteroids can suppress the adrenal gland, leading to an elevated white blood cell count and adrenal insufficiency. Option A (hypotension) is less directly related to corticosteroid use. Option C (decreased appetite) can occur but isn’t a primary concern. Option D is not associated with systemic corticosteroids.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A client taking amiodarone for arrhythmia reports frequent palpitations. The nurse understands that this effect is primarily due to which mechanism of action? a) Inhibition of sodium channels b) Blockage of beta-adrenergic receptors c) Prolongation of the QT interval d) Vasodilation
सही उत्तर: ग) c) Prolongation of the QT interval
Amiodarone's primary action is the prolongation of the QT interval by blocking potassium channels. This leads to arrhythmias. Option A (sodium channel inhibition) is a feature of other antiarrhythmic drugs. Option B is a common mechanism but amiodarone’s effect isn't purely beta-blockade. Option D is not a primary action.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient receiving long-term treatment with hydrocortisone (prednisone) has consistently elevated blood glucose levels. Which laboratory finding would BEST support the suspicion that the prednisone therapy is contributing to this hyperglycemia?
सही उत्तर: ग) Elevated serum cortisol levels
Prednisone is a potent glucocorticoid that can cause insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood glucose. An increased white blood cell count would be more indicative of an inflammatory process. Elevated cortisol levels are expected with prednisone use, and a reduced HbA1c level would contradict hyperglycemia.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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