फार्माकोलोजी – Pharmacology MCQ
फार्माकोलोजी – अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नर्सिङ
Pharmacology · International Nursing (NCLEX-RN, DHA, HAAD) · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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A patient is taking digoxin for heart failure. The nurse observes that the patient reports feeling lightheaded and dizzy. Which electrolyte imbalance is MOST likely contributing to this symptom?
सही उत्तर: ख) Hypokalemia
Digoxin toxicity often manifests with gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, particularly when potassium levels are low (hypokalemia). Hypokalemia potentiates the drug's effect on the heart.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with a history of asthma is prescribed a bronchodilator via nebulizer. The nurse understands that this medication works by which mechanism?
सही उत्तर: घ) Stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Bronchodilators, such as albuterol, primarily work by relaxing the smooth muscles surrounding the bronchioles, leading to airway dilation and improved breathing. The other options describe mechanisms of other medications or effects.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient is prescribed warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which laboratory test is MOST important to monitor regularly during treatment?
सही उत्तर: ग) Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR)
The PT/INR is the gold standard for monitoring the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, ensuring therapeutic levels are maintained and minimizing the risk of bleeding complications. CBC and LFTs monitor general health; serum electrolytes are less directly related to warfarin’s action.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A nurse is reviewing medications for a patient recently diagnosed with hypertension. Which of the following drug classes would be MOST appropriate as a first-line treatment option?
सही उत्तर: ख) Antihypertensives (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Beta Blockers)
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and beta blockers are the primary pharmacological agents used in the initial management of hypertension. Diuretics primarily address fluid retention related to hypertension, while stimulants and opioids have no role in blood pressure control.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with schizophrenia is prescribed haloperidol (Haldol). The nurse should teach the patient to monitor for which adverse effect? (A) Bradycardia (B) Tachycardia (C) Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (D) Hyporeflexia
सही उत्तर: ग) Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
Option C is correct. Haloperidol is known to cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as dystonia, akathisia, and parkinsonism, which manifest as involuntary movements. Option A is incorrect because haloperidol can cause tachycardia, not bradycardia. Option B is also a potential side effect but less common than EPS. Option D is the typical side effect of neuromuscular blockade, not haloperidol.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A nurse is administering intravenous furosemide (Lasix) to a patient with pulmonary edema. The patient reports a sudden onset of weakness and shortness of breath following the administration. What is the MOST likely cause? (A) Hypovolemia (B) Cardiac arrest (C) Intra-cardiac hemorrhage (D) Rapid potassium loss
सही उत्तर: घ) Rapid potassium loss
Option C is correct. Rapid IV administration of high doses of furosemide can cause a sudden drop in preload due to its diuretic effect, which can lead to ventricular contraction and collapse - intra-cardiac hemorrhage. This causes rapid onset hypotension and shortness of breath. Option A is incorrect because hypovolemia would typically present with thirst. Option B is possible but less likely than the immediate hemodynamic consequence. Option D does not explain the sudden weakness.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with heart failure is prescribed spironolactone (Aldactone). The nurse should instruct the patient regarding which potential side effect? (A) Increased appetite leading to weight gain. (B) Decreased blood pressure resulting in dizziness. (C) Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels). (D) Constipation due to altered bowel motility.
सही उत्तर: ग) Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels)
Option C is correct. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause hyperkalemia if not monitored closely. Option A is incorrect because spironolactone often suppresses appetite. Option B is a potential side effect of many diuretics but not the primary one associated with spironolactone. Option D is not typically a prominent side effect.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin (Coumadin). Which instruction is MOST important for the nurse to provide regarding the patient’s diet? (A) Increase intake of sodium to maintain fluid balance. (B) Consume a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation. (C) Monitor vitamin K rich foods such as leafy greens and limit their intake. (D) Drink 8 glasses of water daily regardless of urine output.
सही उत्तर: ग) Monitor vitamin K rich foods such as leafy greens and limit their intake
Option C is correct. Warfarin’s anticoagulant effect is influenced by the availability of Vitamin K. Leafy green vegetables are a significant source of vitamin K, so decreasing intake helps maintain consistent dosing of warfarin. Option A is incorrect because sodium intake shouldn't be increased for consistency in warfarin dosage. Option B is irrelevant to the medication’s action and is generally good advice, but not specifically tied to this drug. Option D is general hydration guidance and not relevant.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A nurse is administering a medication for hypertension. The patient reports dizziness and blurred vision after the dose. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for these symptoms? (A) Hypoglycemia (B) Excessive vasodilation caused by the drug (C) Increased heart rate due to stimulant effects (D) Dehydration
सही उत्तर: ख) Excessive vasodilation caused by the drug
Option B is correct. Many antihypertensive medications, particularly those targeting blood vessels, cause vasodilation (widening of blood vessels). This can lead to dizziness and blurred vision as a result of reduced peripheral resistance. Option A is incorrect because hypoglycemia typically presents with shakiness and confusion. Option C is less likely unless the medication itself has stimulant properties. Option D is incorrect; dehydration would usually present with thirst and dry mouth.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient is prescribed intravenous (IV) acetaminophen for pain relief. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the medication’s instructions?
सही उत्तर: घ) “I should avoid taking this if I have liver problems.”
Option 3 is correct because acetaminophen instructions typically include taking it with water for absorption and avoiding excessive doses. Option 1 is incorrect as the frequency ‘as needed’ isn't specific. Option 2 is incorrect due to the formulation of oral acetaminophen; it's a tablet, not chewable. Option 4 is relevant to caution but doesn’t describe the administration instructions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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