फार्माकोलोजी – Pharmacology MCQ
फार्माकोलोजी – अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नर्सिङ
Pharmacology · International Nursing (NCLEX-RN, DHA, HAAD) · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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A patient receiving intravenous heparin requires monitoring. Which laboratory value would the nurse MOST closely monitor to ensure the effectiveness of the heparin?
सही उत्तर: ख) B) Prothrombin Time/INR (Prothrombin Time/INR)
Heparin is an anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the coagulation cascade. Monitoring the prothrombin time (PT)/International Normalized Ratio (INR) directly reflects heparin’s effect on this process. The other options are unrelated to heparin's mechanism of action.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A nurse is administering morphine intravenously to a patient experiencing severe pain. Which assessment finding would indicate the medication is working effectively?
सही उत्तर: ख) B) Dilated pupils and pinpoint pupils (Dilated pupils and pinpoint pupils)
Morphine’s primary analgesic effect is mediated through opioid receptors. Dilated pupils followed by pinpoint pupils is a classic sign of opioid action, indicating the drug is binding to and activating these receptors. Bradychardia can be a side effect, but doesn't directly indicate effectiveness. Rales are not related to morphine.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed Glimepiride for blood glucose control. Which assessment finding would the nurse MOST closely monitor to ensure adequate therapeutic effect? a) Serum potassium levels. b) Urinary output. c) Blood glucose levels. d) White blood cell count.
सही उत्तर: ग) c
Option C is correct. Glimepiride, a sulfonylurea, stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. Therefore, the nurse needs to monitor blood glucose levels closely to assess the drug's effectiveness and avoid hypoglycemia. Options A, B, and D are less directly related to the pharmacological action of this medication.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed Spironolactone. The nurse understands that this medication’s primary therapeutic action is to: a) Directly dilate peripheral blood vessels. b) Block aldosterone receptors, reducing sodium and water retention. c) Stimulate the myocardium to increase contractility. d) Decrease myocardial oxygen demand.
सही उत्तर: ख) b
Option B is correct. Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist that decreases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to reduced fluid volume and edema – a key feature of heart failure management. Options A, C, and D describe other cardiovascular drugs with different mechanisms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements BEST describes the pharmacodynamic effect of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)? a) Decreases gastric acid secretion. b) Increases dopamine release in the striatum. c) Inhibits the reabsorption of serotonin, increasing its concentration in the synaptic cleft. d) Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors.
सही उत्तर: ग) c
Option C is correct. SSRIs work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin from the synapse, leading to increased serotonin levels and enhanced neurotransmission. Option A describes a different mechanism (proton pump inhibitors), B describes dopamine agonists, and D describes beta-blockers.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A nurse is administering oral Metoprolol to a client with hypertension. Which assessment finding would warrant immediate intervention? a) Client reports mild dizziness. b) Blood pressure 140/90 mmHg. c) Client states they are feeling unusually cold and have dilated pupils. d) Heart rate 68 bpm.
सही उत्तर: ग) c
Option B is correct. A blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg is above the target range for many hypertensive clients, indicating a need for intervention. While dizziness (A) and dilated pupils (C) can be associated with Metoprolol, they are less critical than maintaining adequate blood pressure. The normal heart rate (D) does not pose an immediate danger.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with symptoms including blurred vision, tinnitus, and nausea. The physician orders intravenous acetylcysteine. Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for the therapeutic effect of this medication in this scenario? a) Inhibition of platelet aggregation. b) Reduction of oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. c) Stimulation of gastric acid secretion. d) Enhancement of vasoconstriction.
सही उत्तर: ख) b
Option B is correct. Acetylcysteine is a powerful antioxidant that neutralizes free radical damage, particularly in the cochlea and retina, which are responsible for the symptoms presented by the patient. Options A, C, and D describe other pharmacological actions of medications but do not represent acetylcysteine’s primary mechanism.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin for glycemic control. Which dietary recommendation should the nurse emphasize to the patient?
सही उत्तर: ग) Adequate fiber intake from fruits and vegetables
Option 2 is correct because metformin works by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing glucose production. A diet high in fiber helps manage blood sugar levels, while the other options would contradict the medication’s action.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). What electrolyte imbalance is the nurse MOST concerned about monitoring in this patient?
सही उत्तर: क) Hypokalemia
Option 0 is correct because furosemide is a loop diuretic that aggressively promotes sodium and water excretion, leading to significant potassium loss (hypokalemia). Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial when administering this medication. The other options are less directly related to the primary effect of furosemide.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A healthcare provider orders intravenous ceftriaxone for a patient with pneumonia. The patient reports a known allergy to penicillin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take *first*?
सही उत्तर: ग) Check the medication’s label carefully for any cross-reactivity information
Option 2 is correct because assessing potential cross-reactivity between cephalosporins (like ceftriaxone) and penicillin is paramount when a known allergy exists. The other options are less critical initial steps; epinephrine should only be used if anaphylaxis develops, notifying the provider is important but after verifying cross-reactivity risks, and monitoring alone doesn't address the potential risk.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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