फार्माकोलोजी – Pharmacology MCQ
फार्माकोलोजी – अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नर्सिङ
Pharmacology · International Nursing (NCLEX-RN, DHA, HAAD) · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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A client with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. What is the primary mechanism of action for this medication?
सही उत्तर: ख) B) Blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to reduce vasoconstriction and blood pressure.
Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor. Its primary action is to block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to reduced vasoconstriction and a decrease in blood pressure. Option A describes the effect of a stimulant, option C describes another class of antihypertensive, and option D involves adrenergic receptor stimulation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and arrhythmias. The nurse knows that these symptoms are consistent with which medication's toxic effects?
सही उत्तर: क) Amoxicillin
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside commonly associated with serious side effects including gastrointestinal distress, visual changes, and arrhythmias when toxicity occurs. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic, Metformin is for diabetes management, and Lomotil is an antiemetic – none of which cause these specific symptoms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A client taking warfarin (Coumadin) presents for a routine blood draw. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following symptoms?
सही उत्तर: ख) Mild nausea and vomiting
The nurse should instruct the client to report ‘Muscle pain and stiffness’ because this is a common sign of subtherapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin, indicating that the medication is not effectively preventing clot formation. The other options are less indicative of a problem with warfarin dosing.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous morphine for pain management. Which cardiac monitor should be continuously displayed during administration?
सही उत्तर: क) ECG (Electrocardiogram)
Morphine can cause bradycardia and respiratory depression, necessitating continuous ECG monitoring to detect any arrhythmias. While other monitors are important for overall patient assessment, the ECG is critical for identifying potential cardiac complications associated with opioid administration.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A client diagnosed with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities should the nurse monitor closely in this patient?
सही उत्तर: क) Hypokalemia
ACE inhibitors like lisinopril are known to cause hypokalemia (low potassium) due to their effect on renal sodium reabsorption. The other electrolyte imbalances are less frequently associated with this class of drugs.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed a beta-2 agonist inhaler. Which statement by the patient indicates a need to reinforce teaching?
सही उत्तर: ग) ‘I’ll wait 15 minutes after eating before using my inhaler.’
The patient's statement ‘I’ll rinse my mouth with water after each dose’ is the indication for reinforcing teaching. Beta-2 agonists can cause oral thrush (candidiasis), and rinsing the mouth reduces this risk. The other options reflect appropriate inhaler use.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A nurse is caring for a client with tuberculosis (TB) who has been prescribed isoniazid. Which laboratory test is MOST important to monitor before and during treatment with isoniazid?
सही उत्तर: ख) Liver function tests (LFTs)
Liver function tests (LFTs) are crucial because isoniazid can cause hepatotoxicity, leading to elevated liver enzymes. The other options are not directly related to the primary adverse effect of isoniazid. A CBC may be useful but is not as specific. A urine drug screen detects illicit drugs and doesn’t assess for medication side effects.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient receiving intravenous heparin is experiencing bleeding gums. What should the nurse do?
सही उत्तर: ख) B) Immediately discontinue the heparin infusion and notify the physician
Bleeding gums are a classic sign of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Discontinuing the infusion is crucial due to the risk of thrombosis. Monitoring platelet counts and administering Vitamin C wouldn’t address the underlying issue.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with type 2 diabetes is being started on metformin. What important instruction should the nurse provide regarding gastrointestinal side effects?
सही उत्तर: ग) C) ‘Report any nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal discomfort immediately’
Metformin is notorious for causing gastrointestinal side effects like nausea and diarrhea. The nurse must emphasize reporting these symptoms promptly so that the dose can be adjusted if needed. Option A misrepresents how metformin works; B doesn't address potential issues; and D isn't a primary strategy.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient taking amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker) reports experiencing muscle cramps. Which intervention should the nurse implement FIRST?
सही उत्तर: घ) D) Check the patient’s magnesium level and supplement as needed
Muscle cramps are a known side effect of amlodipine, which can cause vasoconstriction and reduce peripheral blood flow. Supplementing with potassium or magnesium is indicated if those levels are deficient, contributing to the cramping. Increasing fluid intake doesn't directly address this specific symptom.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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