चिकित्सा स्नातकोत्तर प्रवेश (MECEE-PG) MD / MS / MDS प्रवेश परीक्षा तयारी
चिकित्सा स्नातकोत्तर प्रवेश (MECEE-PG) – MD / MS / MDS प्रवेश परीक्षा
MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS · MECEE-PG (MD/MS/MDS)
२,८६५ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
MD/MS/MDS प्रवेश: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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For a screening test of fixed sensitivity and specificity, as the prevalence of disease in the population increases, the:
सही उत्तर: घ) Positive predictive value increases
Sensitivity and specificity are properties of the test, but predictive values depend on prevalence; higher prevalence raises PPV and lowers NPV.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In a screening test with sensitivity 90% and specificity 90%, the positive likelihood ratio is:
सही उत्तर: ग) 9
LR+ = sensitivity ÷ (1 − specificity) = 0.90 ÷ 0.10 = 9.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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At the analysis stage, confounding can be controlled by:
सही उत्तर: क) Stratification or multivariate analysis
Randomisation, matching and restriction are design-stage methods; stratified analysis and multivariable regression control confounding during analysis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In screening, 'lead time' refers to:
सही उत्तर: ख) The interval between detection by screening and the time diagnosis would usually have been made
Earlier diagnosis by screening adds lead time, which can falsely lengthen apparent survival (lead-time bias) even if death is not postponed.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Berkson's bias arises particularly in:
सही उत्तर: ख) Hospital-based case-control studies
Different admission rates for people with different combinations of exposure and disease make hospital cases and controls unrepresentative.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Drawing conclusions about individuals from associations observed in group-level (aggregate) data is called:
सही उत्तर: ग) Ecological fallacy
Ecological studies use population-level data, and associations at group level may not hold for individuals.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The Framingham Heart Study, which identified major cardiovascular risk factors, is an example of a:
सही उत्तर: घ) Prospective cohort study
Framingham has followed a defined community population over decades to observe the development of cardiovascular disease.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Recall bias is a particular problem in which type of study?
सही उत्तर: क) Case-control study
In case-control studies exposure is ascertained retrospectively, and cases may remember past exposures differently from controls.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A cross-sectional study primarily measures:
सही उत्तर: ग) Prevalence
A cross-sectional survey observes a population at a single point in time, so it gives prevalence, not incidence.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The incidence of a disease is 30 per 1000 among exposed persons and 10 per 1000 among non-exposed. The attributable risk (per cent) is:
सही उत्तर: ख) 66.7%
Attributable risk % = (Ie − Iu) ÷ Ie × 100 = (30 − 10) ÷ 30 × 100 = 66.7%.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
यी अभ्यास प्रश्न हुन्, आधिकारिक प्रश्न होइनन्। पाठ्यक्रम, विज्ञापन र नतिजाका लागि सम्बन्धित निकायको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट हेर्नुहोस्। उत्तरमा गल्ती भेटे प्रश्नमुनिको "टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट" मा लेख्नुहोस्।
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