आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ

आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर

सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।

सही: ० / ०

1. Which hormone directly initiates the process of milk ejection (let-down) during breastfeeding?

   कa) Vasopressin खb) Oxytocin गc) Cortisol घd) Adrenaline
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2. The Km value for an enzyme is 2 mM, and the substrate concentration is 6 mM. What is the Vmax of this reaction in µmol/min?

   कa) 100 µmol/min खb) 50 µmol/min गc) 25 µmol/min घd) 75 µmol/min
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3. Alpha waves on EEG (8–13 Hz) are typically recorded in a person who is characterized by a state of relaxed wakefulness, often observed during light sleep or meditation. Which description best represents this EEG pattern?

   कa) Theta wave predominance – associated with drowsiness and focused attention खb) Beta wave predominance – indicative of high alertness and cognitive activity गc) Alpha wave predominance – characteristic of relaxation and reduced sensory processing घd) Delta wave predominance – typically found during deep, restorative sleep
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4. Growth hormone and prolactin primarily exert their effects through which signaling pathway involving dimerization and activation of intracellular tyrosine kinases?

   कa) cAMP-mediated signaling खb) Phosphodiesterase-dependent signaling गc) G protein-coupled receptor signaling घd) Integrin signaling
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5. The primary function of the glomerular capillaries in the nephron is: (a) Secreting hormones directly into the renal pelvis. (b) Filtering blood and reabsorbing essential substances back into the bloodstream. (c) Transporting urine to the bladder for storage. (d) Producing red blood cells within the kidney tissue.

   क(a) Secreting hormones directly into the renal pelvis. ख(b) Filtering blood and reabsorbing essential substances back into the bloodstream. ग(c) Transporting urine to the bladder for storage. घ(d) Producing red blood cells within the kidney tissue.
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6. Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the parotid gland? (a) It secretes mucus to protect the esophagus. (b) It is responsible for taste sensation on the lateral aspect of the tongue. (c) It is the primary source of saliva, emptying into the submandibular duct. (d) It produces hormones that regulate gastric acid secretion.

   क(a) It secretes mucus to protect the esophagus. ख(b) It is responsible for taste sensation on the lateral aspect of the tongue. ग(c) It is the primary source of saliva, emptying into the submandibular duct. घ(d) It produces hormones that regulate gastric acid secretion.
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7. A patient presents with symptoms including fatigue, muscle weakness, and elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels. Which biochemical pathway is most likely impaired? (a) Glycolysis (b) The Citric Acid Cycle (c) Oxidative Phosphorylation (d) Gluconeogenesis

   क(a) Glycolysis ख(b) The Citric Acid Cycle ग(c) Oxidative Phosphorylation घ(d) Gluconeogenesis
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8. Which of the following best describes the primary function of renin secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells? (a) Stimulating erythropoiesis. (b) Regulating blood pressure via angiotensin II production. (c) Facilitating glucose absorption in the small intestine. (d) Promoting bone mineralization.

   क(a) Stimulating erythropoiesis. ख(b) Regulating blood pressure via angiotensin II production. ग(c) Facilitating glucose absorption in the small intestine. घ(d) Promoting bone mineralization.
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9. In an adult, the spinal cord typically terminates at what vertebral level? (a) T12 (b) L1 (c) Th9 (d) S3

   क(a) T12 ख(b) L1 ग(c) Th9 घ(d) S3
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10. Meckel’s diverticulum arises as a congenital remnant of which anatomical structure?

    कLaryngopharynx खTrachea गEsophagus घDuodenum
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