स्नातकोत्तर मेडिकल प्रवेश (MECEE-PG)
स्नातकोत्तर मेडिकल प्रवेश (MECEE-PG)
MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · २,८६५ प्रश्न
२,८६५ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
MD/MS प्रवेश: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Barrett’s esophagus is a recognized precursor of which of the following cancers?
सही उत्तर: ग) Melanoma
The correct answer is Adenocarcinoma (option 2). Barrett’s esophagus, characterized by metaplastic changes in the esophageal lining, transforms into adenocarcinoma due to chronic exposure to gastric acid. The other options are types of cancer not typically linked with this condition.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements BEST describes the pathogenesis of Pneumonia caused by *Streptococcus pneumoniae*? (a) Viral lysis and subsequent inflammation. (b) Extracellular bacterial proliferation leading to neutrophil recruitment and alveolar damage. (c) Rapid intracellular invasion and direct cytotoxicity. (d) Production of exotoxins causing systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
सही उत्तर: ख) Extracellular bacterial proliferation leading to neutrophil recruitment and alveolar damage.
Option 1 is correct because *Streptococcus pneumoniae* typically causes pneumonia via an extracellular mechanism, involving the release of toxins and attracting neutrophils which result in inflammation and alveolar damage. Options a, c, and d are incorrect: Viral lysis is not characteristic of this bacterium, intracellular invasion isn't its primary mode of action, and it doesn’t primarily produce exotoxins directly causing SIRS.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm characterized by diffuse infiltration of the stomach wall, significant lymphatic involvement, and ulceration. Histological examination reveals numerous epithelioid cells arranged around central necrosis. Which type of cancer is MOST likely?
सही उत्तर: ख) Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs), particularly in older adults, often present with a diffuse gastric infiltration pattern, lymphatic involvement, and ulceration. Epithelioid cells around central necrosis are characteristic of GIST. The other options are less likely given this combination of features.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which pharmacological intervention is MOST effective in managing the acute phase reaction associated with severe sepsis?
सही उत्तर: क) Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are frequently used to manage the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and subsequent septic shock, which includes the acute phase reaction. While opioids might provide symptomatic relief, antihistamines and NSAIDs have limited efficacy against the underlying inflammation in sepsis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever following exposure to contaminated water. Microscopic examination of the stool reveals numerous motile, comma-shaped bacteria with prominent flagella. Which bacterial genus is MOST likely responsible for this infection?
सही उत्तर: ख) Salmonella enterica
*Salmonella enterica*, particularly serovars like *S. typhi* or *S. enteritidis*, are classically associated with watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever following ingestion of contaminated water. The comma-shaped morphology and flagella are diagnostic features. The other organisms tend to cause different types of diarrheal symptoms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following cytokines is most closely associated with neutrophil chemotaxis and inflammation during bacterial infections?
सही उत्तर: ख) TNF-alpha
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in initiating and sustaining neutrophil recruitment to sites of infection. The other options represent immunoregulatory cytokines with different functions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Methotrexate's mechanism of action in treating cancers like leukemia involves which primary pathway?
सही उत्तर: ग) Interference with folate metabolism
Methotrexate functions as a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, disrupting the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid – a vital coenzyme in DNA and RNA production. This mechanism leads to cell cycle arrest and ultimately apoptosis. The other choices represent alternative anti-cancer mechanisms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with urethritis characterized by gram-negative, kidney-shaped intracellular diplococci. This clinical presentation strongly suggests infection with which organism?
सही उत्तर: ख) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
*Neisseria gonorrhoeae* is frequently associated with the presence of kidney-shaped intracellular diplococci in urethral discharge. *E. coli* and *S. aureus* are common causes of urethritis but do not typically produce this specific morphology. *P. aeruginosa* is a significant opportunistic pathogen, though less commonly implicated here.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Ziehl-Neelsen staining, a crucial tool in microbiology, primarily detects which feature of bacteria?
सही उत्तर: ख) Gram-negative cell wall structure
Ziehl-Neelsen staining specifically stains purple due to the presence of unabsorbed crystal violet dye that binds to the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall. The other options relate to different microbial characteristics or staining methods.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following pathological findings is most commonly associated with acute glomerulonephritis?
सही उत्तर: क) Hematuria with proteinuria
Hematuria with proteinuria is the classic presentation of acute glomerulonephritis. The other options represent distinct renal pathologies or syndromes that are not typically linked to this specific inflammatory response.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
यी अभ्यास प्रश्न हुन्, आधिकारिक प्रश्न होइनन्। पाठ्यक्रम, विज्ञापन र नतिजाका लागि सम्बन्धित निकायको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट हेर्नुहोस्। उत्तरमा गल्ती भेटे प्रश्नमुनिको "टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट" मा लेख्नुहोस्।
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