स्नातकोत्तर मेडिकल प्रवेश (MECEE-PG)
स्नातकोत्तर मेडिकल प्रवेश (MECEE-PG)
MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · २,८६५ प्रश्न
२,८६५ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
MD/MS प्रवेश: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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A newborn presents with significant respiratory distress and a palpable mass on the forehead. Examination reveals that this swelling crosses suture lines and was present at birth. What is the most likely diagnosis?
सही उत्तर: क) Pneumonia
A cephalohaematoma (option 0) is characterized by a scalp swelling in newborns that crosses suture lines and appears at birth, aligning with the described presentation. Pneumonia (option 1), brachial plexus injury (option 2), and hydrocephalus (option 3) are all potential causes of respiratory distress but don't typically present with this specific clinical feature.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is to regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance. What initial stimulus triggers the release of renin from the kidneys?
सही उत्तर: घ) Increased venous return
The sympathetic nervous system’s stimulation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors on the juxtaglomerular cells is the primary trigger for renin release, initiating the RAAS cascade. The other options represent downstream responses or alternative pathways.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with persistent hypotension and profound vasoconstriction. Biochemical analysis reveals elevated levels of angiotensin II. Which condition is most likely being observed?
सही उत्तर: ख) Neurogenic shock
Hypovolemic shock is characterized by reduced blood volume, triggering a cascade that includes increased angiotensin II production and vasoconstriction to maintain systemic vascular resistance. Septic, neurogenic, and anaphylactic shocks involve different initiating mechanisms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is heavily involved in reabsorption of key substances. Approximately what percentage of filtered sodium (Na+) is reabsorbed within the PCT?
सही उत्तर: घ) 75-85%
The proximal convoluted tubule accounts for approximately 65% of Na+ reabsorption. While precise figures vary, 95-99% of filtered sodium is reclaimed in the PCT, making this option the most accurate representation of the physiological process.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Pulmonary surfactant primarily functions to reduce surface tension in the alveoli. Which cell type is responsible for producing this crucial substance?
सही उत्तर: ग) Type II pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes are specifically responsible for synthesizing and secreting pulmonary surfactant, a phospholipid-protein complex that dramatically reduces surface tension within the alveoli. Alveolar macrophages engulf debris, Type I pneumocytes form the alveolar walls, and smooth muscle plays a minimal role in surfactant production.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient following a severe head injury exhibits a Cushing reflex characterized by hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular breathing. What does this clinical presentation most likely indicate?
सही उत्तर: ग) C. Intracranial hemorrhage.
The Cushing reflex – a triad of hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular breathing – is classically observed in response to significant intracranial hemorrhage (ICP) due to the sympathetic activation triggered by pain and pressure on the brainstem. The other options do not typically cause this specific reflex pattern.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following conditions is most strongly linked with the development of Barrett's esophagus?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Barrett's esophagus is almost invariably associated with chronic, long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), where prolonged exposure to gastric acid leads to metaplastic changes in the esophageal lining. Options A, C and D represent alternative risk factors.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The presence of ‘peau d’orange’ on the skin overlying a breast tumor is most closely associated with:
सही उत्तर: ख) B. The fibrous stromal component of the tumor, causing edema and fibrosis.
The ‘peau d’orange’ appearance – a characteristic orange peel-like texture – arises from the diffuse lymphatic invasion and associated edema and fibrosis caused by the tumor’s growth. This is a hallmark of many breast cancers. Option A describes skin cancer; C relates to cancerous cells, and D refers to melanoma.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with symptoms suggestive of obstructive jaundice following gallstone ingestion. Which anatomical structure is most likely being compressed?
सही उत्तर: क) A. The common bile duct at its junction with the duodenum.
Obstructive jaundice caused by a gallstone impacted in Hartmann's pouch directly compresses the common bile duct at its junction with the duodenum. Options B and C describe different vascular structures; while D describes another arterial pathway, it isn’t the primary site of compression in this scenario.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the anatomical location of McBurney's point?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Inferior to the umbilicus, located at the midpoint between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle.
McBurney's point is traditionally located inferior to the umbilicus, precisely at the midpoint between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle – a landmark used historically in diagnosing appendicitis. Option A describes the location of the epigastric region; C refers to the ileocecal valve; and D does not accurately represent its anatomical significance.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
यी अभ्यास प्रश्न हुन्, आधिकारिक प्रश्न होइनन्। पाठ्यक्रम, विज्ञापन र नतिजाका लागि सम्बन्धित निकायको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट हेर्नुहोस्। उत्तरमा गल्ती भेटे प्रश्नमुनिको "टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट" मा लेख्नुहोस्।
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