आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Defective collagen synthesis in scurvy is most directly linked to a deficiency in what vitamin?
सही उत्तर: घ) Vitamin K
The correct answer is ‘Vitamin C’. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, steps necessary for collagen cross-linking and stabilization. A lack of vitamin C impairs this process, leading to fragile connective tissues.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Peripheral chemoreceptors within the carotid body primarily detect changes in what?
सही उत्तर: ग) Blood pH levels (Bicarbonate concentration)
The correct answer is ‘Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)’. Carotid body chemoreceptors are highly sensitive to changes in arterial oxygen, which triggers vasoconstriction and increases respiratory drive. The other options represent different physiological parameters measured by other receptors.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Classic galactosemia results from a deficiency in which enzyme’s activity?
सही उत्तर: ख) Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
The correct answer is ‘Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase.’ This enzyme is crucial for metabolizing galactose, and its deficiency leads to classic galactosemia. The other options represent enzymes involved in different metabolic pathways that aren't directly related to the primary cause of this genetic disorder.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary role of aldosterone in the kidney is to:
सही उत्तर: ख) Promote sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
Aldosterone directly stimulates sodium reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules, which consequently affects potassium excretion. The other options describe alternative renal functions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with severe hypercalcemia, confusion, and kidney dysfunction. A laboratory test reveals elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Which of the following is the MOST likely underlying cause? (a) Addison's disease (b) Primary hyperparathyroidism (c) Cushing’s syndrome (d) Graves’ disease
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Primary hyperparathyroidism
Elevated PTH leads to increased calcium release from bones and enhanced calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, resulting in hypercalcemia. Addison's disease causes hypocalcemia. Cushing's syndrome and Graves' disease have different pathogenic mechanisms that wouldn't cause this specific presentation with elevated PTH.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The hormone oxytocin plays a significant role in uterine contractions during childbirth. Which process directly mediates this effect? (a) Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. (b) Activation of calcium channels in smooth muscle cells. (c) Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system. (d) Increased glucose concentration in the bloodstream.
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system.
Oxytocin's primary action is to induce uterine contractions by directly stimulating calcium influx into smooth muscle cells, leading to muscle contraction. Options (a), (c) and (d) are incorrect as they represent other hormonal/nervous system pathways.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following vitamins plays a critical role in the activation of osteocalcin, a key protein involved in bone formation? (a) Vitamin C (b) Vitamin D (c) Vitamin B12 (d) Vitamin A
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Vitamin D
Vitamin D is crucial for the activation of osteocalcin, which binds to calcium and facilitates bone mineralization. Vitamin C has antioxidant properties, vitamin B12 is important for nerve function, and vitamin A primarily impacts vision and cell growth.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The process of oxidative phosphorylation primarily occurs in which cellular compartment? (a) Cytosol (b) Endoplasmic Reticulum (c) Mitochondrial matrix (d) Golgi apparatus
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) Mitochondrial matrix
Oxidative phosphorylation, where the majority of ATP is produced, happens within the mitochondrial matrix. This compartment contains the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. The other options represent different cellular organelles with distinct functions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)? (a) To directly increase glomerular filtration rate. (b) To regulate blood volume and pressure through hormonal control. (c) To transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues. (d) To stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) To regulate blood volume and pressure through hormonal control.
The RAAS is a critical hormonal system responsible for maintaining blood pressure and fluid balance. It does this by releasing angiotensin II, which leads to vasoconstriction and increased aldosterone secretion (promoting sodium retention). Option (a) describes glomerular filtration rate, option (c) refers to oxygen transport, and option (d) relates to insulin.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following codon sequences represents a stop codon in protein synthesis?
सही उत्तर: ख) UGA
The codons UGA and UAG are termination signals. AUG is the start codon, and GGC/CCC represent amino acids which are plausible alternatives.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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