सामुदायिक चिकित्सा – Community Medicine MCQ
सामुदायिक चिकित्सा – MD/MS प्रवेश
Community Medicine · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४१० प्रश्न
४१० प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
सामुदायिक चिकित्सा: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Maternal mortality ratio is conventionally expressed per:
सही उत्तर: ग) 100,000 live births
MMR = maternal deaths / live births × 100,000. Infant mortality rate, in contrast, is expressed per 1000 live births.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The denominator used in calculating the infant mortality rate is:
सही उत्तर: ख) Number of live births in the same year
IMR = infant deaths (under 1 year) in a year / live births in the same year × 1000. Total births (live + still) are used in some perinatal mortality definitions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The main purpose of randomization in a randomized controlled trial is to:
सही उत्तर: क) Eliminate selection bias and make groups comparable
Random allocation distributes known and unknown confounders evenly, removing selection bias. Concealing treatment from participants is blinding, not randomization.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A sample of 100 subjects has a standard deviation of 10 mmHg. The standard error of the mean is:
सही उत्तर: घ) 1 mmHg
SE = SD/√n = 10/√100 = 10/10 = 1. Dividing by n instead of √n would wrongly give 0.1.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A type I error (alpha error) means:
सही उत्तर: ग) Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true
Type I error is a false positive conclusion, its probability being the significance level α. Accepting a false null hypothesis is a type II (β) error.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Blood pressure of the same group of patients is measured before and after a drug. The appropriate test to compare the means is:
सही उत्तर: ख) Paired t-test
Paired t-test is used when two measurements are made on the same subjects. The unpaired t-test is for two independent groups.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The chi-square test is most appropriately used to:
सही उत्तर: क) Compare proportions in qualitative (categorical) data
Chi-square tests association between categorical variables using observed and expected frequencies. Comparing means of more than two groups uses ANOVA.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In a normal distribution, approximately what proportion of observations lie within mean ± 2 standard deviations?
सही उत्तर: घ) 95.4%
About 68.3% lie within ±1 SD, 95.4% within ±2 SD and 99.7% within ±3 SD. Many tables round mean ±1.96 SD to 95%.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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For a stable chronic disease, the relationship between prevalence (P), incidence (I) and mean duration (D) is:
सही उत्तर: ग) P = I × D
Prevalence equals incidence multiplied by mean duration when conditions are stable. Thus a longer duration (e.g. better survival without cure) increases prevalence.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A screening test gives 90 true positives and 30 false positives. Its positive predictive value is:
सही उत्तर: ख) 75%
PPV = TP/(TP + FP) = 90/120 = 75%. PPV depends on disease prevalence, unlike sensitivity and specificity.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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