सामुदायिक चिकित्सा – Community Medicine MCQ
सामुदायिक चिकित्सा – MD/MS प्रवेश
Community Medicine · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४१० प्रश्न
४१० प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
सामुदायिक चिकित्सा: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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In a case-control study: exposed cases = 40, unexposed cases = 60, exposed controls = 20, unexposed controls = 80. The odds ratio is:
सही उत्तर: क) 2.67
OR = ad/bc = (40 × 80)/(60 × 20) = 3200/1200 = 2.67. 2.00 results from dividing exposure proportions (40%/20%), which is not the odds ratio.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In a cohort study, the incidence of lung cancer is 30 per 1000 among smokers and 10 per 1000 among non-smokers. The attributable risk per cent among smokers is:
सही उत्तर: घ) 66.7%
AR% = (Ie − Iu)/Ie × 100 = (30 − 10)/30 × 100 = 66.7%. 20 per 1000 is the absolute attributable risk, not the percentage.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The measure of association usually calculated in a case-control study is:
सही उत्तर: ग) Odds ratio
Because incidence cannot be measured in case-control studies, the odds ratio is used as an estimate of relative risk. Attributable risk needs incidence data from a cohort study.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The chemical most commonly used as a coagulant in rapid sand filtration is:
सही उत्तर: ख) Alum (aluminium sulphate)
Alum is added for coagulation and flocculation before rapid sand filtration. Potassium permanganate is an older well disinfectant, not a coagulant.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In a slow sand filter, the biologically active 'vital layer' is known as:
सही उत्तर: क) Schmutzdecke
The Schmutzdecke is a slimy layer of algae, bacteria and plankton on top of the sand bed and is the heart of slow sand filtration. It takes a few days to form when a new filter is started (ripening).
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The approximate available chlorine content of fresh bleaching powder is:
सही उत्तर: घ) 33%
Good bleaching powder contains about 33% available chlorine, which deteriorates on storage. High-test hypochlorite (HTH) contains about 60–70%.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Horrocks' apparatus is used to:
सही उत्तर: ग) Estimate the dose of bleaching powder required to disinfect water
Horrocks' apparatus determines the chlorine demand of water and thus the amount of bleaching powder needed for well disinfection. Cooling power of air is measured by the Kata thermometer.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Early diagnosis and adequate treatment, as a mode of intervention, corresponds to which level of prevention?
सही उत्तर: ख) Secondary prevention
Early diagnosis and treatment (e.g. screening) is secondary prevention, aimed at halting progression. Disability limitation and rehabilitation constitute tertiary prevention.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Prevention of the emergence of risk factors in a population, for example discouraging adoption of unhealthy lifestyles in children, is called:
सही उत्तर: क) Primordial prevention
Primordial prevention acts before risk factors appear in the population. Primary prevention acts once risk factors exist but before disease onset.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In the 'iceberg phenomenon' of disease, the submerged portion of the iceberg represents:
सही उत्तर: घ) Undiagnosed, subclinical and carrier cases
The tip of the iceberg is the clinical cases seen by physicians; the hidden mass is inapparent, undiagnosed and carrier states. It explains why clinical cases alone underestimate the disease burden.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
यी अभ्यास प्रश्न हुन्, आधिकारिक प्रश्न होइनन्। पाठ्यक्रम, विज्ञापन र नतिजाका लागि सम्बन्धित निकायको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट हेर्नुहोस्। उत्तरमा गल्ती भेटे प्रश्नमुनिको "टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट" मा लेख्नुहोस्।
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