सामुदायिक चिकित्सा – Community Medicine MCQ
सामुदायिक चिकित्सा – MD/MS प्रवेश
Community Medicine · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४१० प्रश्न
४१० प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
सामुदायिक चिकित्सा: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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What is the primary purpose of calculating the Incidence Rate per 1000 population for a disease outbreak?
सही उत्तर: ग) To assess the risk of new cases occurring within a specific time period per unit of population
The Incidence Rate per 1000 population measures the number of *new* cases appearing in a given time (usually a year) for every 1000 people. This directly reflects the risk of new infections and helps prioritize intervention efforts. The other options focus on long-term trends, total numbers, or mortality which are different measurements.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A public health campaign aims to reduce the incidence of vector-borne diseases like dengue fever in urban areas. Which intervention would MOST effectively address this goal?
सही उत्तर: ग) Educating the public about mosquito breeding sites and personal protective measures
Targeting mosquito breeding is the most direct route to reducing vector-borne disease incidence. Air conditioning, building audits, and national net distribution address broader public health issues but don't focus on the root cause.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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During an investigation into a diarrheal outbreak in a daycare center, epidemiologists observe a rapid increase in cases over a 7-day period followed by a decline. What is the most likely stage of an epidemic curve displayed for this situation?
सही उत्तर: घ) Decline Phase
The description – a ‘single sharp rise and fall’ – precisely aligns with the Decline phase of an epidemic curve, indicating that the infectious period has ended. The other phases involve sustained incidence or a gradual increase.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A community health worker is conducting a survey on malnutrition in a remote village. They find that 45% of children under five are underweight. What does this statistic primarily indicate?
सही उत्तर: क) Increased access to fortified foods in the region
This statistic directly reflects the proportion of children under five who are underweight, indicating a primary nutritional deficiency issue. The other options represent potential contributing factors but don't directly address the core problem identified by the percentage.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The ‘ecological approach’ to disease prevention emphasizes which fundamental principle? (a) Treating individual patients with specific medications tailored to their symptoms. (b) Addressing underlying social, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to disease patterns within populations. (c) Focusing solely on personal hygiene practices like handwashing to prevent infections. (d) Conducting randomized controlled trials of new medical interventions to assess their efficacy.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Addressing underlying social, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to disease patterns within populations.
The ecological approach recognizes diseases as shaped by broader societal influences rather than just individual behaviors – closely aligning with option (b). Treatment of individuals is described in (a), personal hygiene represents a narrower view, and clinical trials are part of an intervention strategy, not the core of this approach.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A public health program aimed at reducing childhood mortality focuses on interventions that target preventable causes. Which of the following is a key component of such a program? (a) Promoting the use of intravenous antibiotics for all children with fever. (b) Providing routine immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases, including measles, polio and DTP. (c) Encouraging exclusive breastfeeding for infants during their first six months of life. (d) Implementing mandatory dietary supplements containing high doses of iron for all children aged one to five years.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Providing routine immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases, including measles, polio and DTP.
Immunization is a cornerstone of preventative healthcare in reducing childhood mortality, specifically targeting diseases like measles and polio. Option (a) utilizes antibiotics inappropriately. Option (c) promotes optimal infant nutrition – a supporting factor. Option (d) overemphasizes iron supplementation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the role of ‘trace investigation’ in epidemiological studies? (a) It is primarily used for identifying the total number of cases of a disease within a specific geographical area. (b) It focuses on pinpointing the exact chain of events leading from initial exposure to illness, gathering detailed information about contacts and potential sources. (c) It relies solely on statistical analysis of existing health records to determine prevalence rates. (d) It’s used exclusively in investigating outbreaks linked to contaminated food products.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) It focuses on pinpointing the exact chain of events leading from initial exposure to illness, gathering detailed information about contacts and potential sources.
Trace investigation is a manual method of identifying the source of an outbreak by following the contacts of infected individuals and documenting their exposures – this closely aligns with option (b). Options (a), (c) and (d) describe different analytical methods or limited applications.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The term ‘Zika virus’ transmission primarily occurs through: (a) Respiratory droplets from infected individuals. (b) Bites from mosquitoes infected with *Aedes* species. (c) Contaminated food and water sources. (d) Direct contact with infected animals.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Bites from mosquitoes infected with *Aedes* species.
Zika virus is known to be transmitted by the bite of female *Aedes* mosquitos, which are vectors for other viruses like dengue and chikungunya. Option (a) describes respiratory transmission, option (c) refers to foodborne illness, and option (d) presents an alternative, non-supported vector.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the concept of ‘herd immunity’? (a) Individual protection against a disease solely through vaccination. (b) A state where a large proportion of a population is immune to a disease, providing indirect protection to those who are not immune. (c) Immediate and complete elimination of a disease from a population following widespread vaccination. (d) Solely reliant on natural immunity acquired through infection.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) A state where a large proportion of a population is immune to a disease, providing indirect protection to those who are not immune.
Herd immunity describes the indirect protection conferred by a sufficiently large proportion of immune individuals within a population, shielding susceptible individuals, even if they are not directly immunized themselves. Option (a) focuses only on individual vaccination – that’s incorrect. Option (c) implies complete elimination which is rarely achieved. Option (d) neglects the role of immunity in others.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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What is the primary purpose of administering Vitamin A supplementation to children in endemic areas?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. To prevent childhood blindness and boost the immune system
Vitamin A supplementation is specifically targeted at preventing night blindness and reducing the severity of infections in children with Vitamin A deficiency. This aligns with the role of Vitamin A in supporting immune function and vision (option B). The other options misrepresent the primary use of this intervention.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
यी अभ्यास प्रश्न हुन्, आधिकारिक प्रश्न होइनन्। पाठ्यक्रम, विज्ञापन र नतिजाका लागि सम्बन्धित निकायको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट हेर्नुहोस्। उत्तरमा गल्ती भेटे प्रश्नमुनिको "टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट" मा लेख्नुहोस्।
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