प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ

प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर

सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।

सही: ० / ०

181. Which of the following pathological findings is most commonly associated with acute glomerulonephritis?

     कHematuria with proteinuria खHypertensive retinopathy गNephrotic syndrome घGlomerulosclerosis
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

182. Which of the following drugs' primary mechanism of action involves inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)?

     क_Penicillin_ ख_Ciprofloxacin_ ग_Methotrexate_ घ_Omeprazole_
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

183. A patient exhibits symptoms including fever, chills, headache, and malaise with laboratory findings indicative of leukocytosis and lymphopenia. Gram stain reveals neutrophils with intracellular gram-negative bacilli. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely associated with this presentation?

     क_Lyme disease_ ख_Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever_ ग_Brucellosis_ घ_Tularemia_
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

184. Which of the following cellular events is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy?

     क_Podocyte loss with subsequent basement membrane thickening_ ख_Increased mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition_ ग_Lymphocytic infiltration into the glomerular capillaries_ घ_Activation of renin-angiotensin system within the glomerulus_
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

185. A patient presents with symptoms of profound bradycardia, hypotension, and AV block. Initial investigation reveals elevated troponin levels. Which pharmacological mechanism is MOST likely contributing to these findings?

     क_Beta-blocker blockade_ ख_Calcium channel antagonism_ ग_Digoxin-induced ventricular effects_ घ_Inhibition of the vagus nerve_
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

186. Which of the following microorganisms is most commonly associated with the pathogenesis of acute necrotizing fasciitis (ANF)?

     क_Staphylococcus aureus_ ख_Escherichia coli_ ग_Pseudomonas aeruginosa घ_Klebsiella pneumoniae_
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

187. A patient undergoes a biopsy of their inguinal lymph node and the pathology report reveals clusters of acid-fast bacilli within macrophages. Further testing confirms the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. What laboratory test would be MOST helpful in confirming this diagnosis? (a) Gram stain (b) Prussian blue staining (c) Ziehl-Neelsen staining (d) Lactophenol cotton blue staining

     कGram stain खPrussian blue staining गZiehl-Neelsen staining घLactophenol cotton blue staining
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

188. Which of the following best describes the pathological characteristic of calciphylaxis? (a) Excessive deposition of collagen in response to systemic inflammation. (b) Thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by platelet aggregation and endothelial damage. (c) Calcification within small-caliber vessels, primarily in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. (d) Granulomatous inflammation secondary to viral infections.

     कExcessive deposition of collagen in response to systemic inflammation. खThrombotic microangiopathy characterized by platelet aggregation and endothelial damage. गCalcification within small-caliber vessels, primarily in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. घGranulomatous inflammation secondary to viral infections.
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

189. A patient presents with altered mental status, pinpoint pupils, and dilated pupils. A pharmacological investigation reveals an elevated level of muscarinic receptor blockade. Which of the following medications is MOST likely responsible for this presentation? (a) Morphine (b) Physostigmine (c) Diazepam (d) Prednisolone

     कMorphine खPhysostigmine गDiazepam घPrednisolone
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।

190. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in apoptosis? (a) It directly binds to DNA, triggering endonuclease activation and fragmentation. (b) It facilitates the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, initiating caspase activation. (c) It regulates potassium efflux from cells, leading to depolarization and ultimately activating caspases. (d) It prevents oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species within the mitochondria.

     कIt directly binds to DNA, triggering endonuclease activation and fragmentation. खIt facilitates the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, initiating caspase activation. गIt regulates potassium efflux from cells, leading to depolarization and ultimately activating caspases. घIt prevents oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species within the mitochondria.
     💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)

     छलफल / प्रश्न उत्तरमा गल्ती छ

     पठाउनुहोस्

     टिप्पणी जाँचपछि मात्र देखिन्छ।