प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
-
Which of the following drugs follows zero-order elimination kinetics at usual doses?
सही उत्तर: ख) Ethanol
Alcohol dehydrogenase is saturated at usual blood alcohol levels, so a fixed amount is removed per hour (zero order). Phenytoin and high-dose aspirin also shift to zero-order kinetics.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
The Arthus reaction is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?
सही उत्तर: ग) Type III
The Arthus reaction is a localised immune-complex vasculitis at the injection site, a type III reaction. Type IV is delayed, T-cell mediated hypersensitivity.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) of Staphylococcus aureus acts as a:
सही उत्तर: घ) Superantigen
Superantigens bind MHC class II and the T-cell receptor outside the antigen groove, activating many T cells and causing a massive cytokine release. SNARE protein cleavage is the mechanism of tetanus and botulinum toxins.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
The toxic component of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of Gram-negative bacteria is:
सही उत्तर: क) Lipid A
Lipid A triggers macrophages via TLR4 to release cytokines, causing fever and septic shock. The O polysaccharide is the antigenic part; teichoic acid is found in Gram-positive walls.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
The standard conditions for sterilisation in an autoclave are:
सही उत्तर: घ) 121°C for 15 minutes at 15 lb/in² pressure
Moist heat under pressure at 121°C for 15 minutes kills spores. 160°C for 2 hours is the hot-air oven, 100°C on three days is tyndallisation and 63°C for 30 minutes is holder pasteurisation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
Trophozoites containing ingested red blood cells in the stool are diagnostic of:
सही उत्तर: ख) Entamoeba histolytica
Erythrophagocytosis distinguishes invasive E. histolytica from the non-pathogenic E. dispar and E. coli. Giardia trophozoites are pear-shaped with two nuclei and do not ingest RBCs.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
Hydatid cyst in humans is caused by the larval stage of:
सही उत्तर: घ) Echinococcus granulosus
Humans are accidental intermediate hosts of E. granulosus, with the dog as definitive host; the liver is the most common site. Taenia solium larvae cause cysticercosis instead.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
Crescent- or banana-shaped gametocytes on a blood smear are characteristic of:
सही उत्तर: ख) Plasmodium falciparum
Only P. falciparum has crescent-shaped gametocytes; other species have round gametocytes. P. malariae is known for band forms of the trophozoite.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
Broad, aseptate hyphae with right-angle branching in tissue suggest:
सही उत्तर: ग) Mucormycosis
Mucorales form wide, ribbon-like, pauci-septate hyphae branching at about 90 degrees; they cause rhino-orbital-cerebral disease, especially in diabetic ketoacidosis. Aspergillus has narrow septate hyphae branching at acute angles.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
India ink preparation of CSF showing capsulated budding yeasts suggests:
सही उत्तर: घ) Cryptococcus neoformans
The thick polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus excludes India ink and appears as a clear halo; cryptococcal meningitis is common in advanced HIV. Cryptococcal antigen testing is more sensitive than India ink.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
यी अभ्यास प्रश्न हुन्, आधिकारिक प्रश्न होइनन्। पाठ्यक्रम, विज्ञापन र नतिजाका लागि सम्बन्धित निकायको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट हेर्नुहोस्। उत्तरमा गल्ती भेटे प्रश्नमुनिको "टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट" मा लेख्नुहोस्।
नमस्ते! पाठ्यक्रम, सामान्य ज्ञान, भाषा परीक्षा वा कुनै प्रश्नको उत्तर बुझ्न सोध्नुहोस्।
AI ले गल्ती गर्न सक्छ। महत्वपूर्ण कुरा आधिकारिक स्रोतमा जाँच्नुहोस्।