प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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The typical coagulation profile in haemophilia A is:
सही उत्तर: ग) Prolonged aPTT with normal PT and normal bleeding time
Factor VIII is part of the intrinsic pathway, so only aPTT is prolonged; platelet function and bleeding time are normal. An isolated prolonged PT suggests factor VII deficiency or early warfarin effect.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria results from an acquired mutation in the PIGA gene, causing deficiency of:
सही उत्तर: क) GPI-anchored complement regulators CD55 and CD59
PIGA is needed to make the GPI anchor, so CD55 (DAF) and CD59 (MIRL) are absent and red cells are lysed by complement. Flow cytometry for CD55/CD59 is the diagnostic test; C1 inhibitor deficiency causes hereditary angioedema.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Heinz bodies and 'bite cells' after taking an oxidant drug suggest:
सही उत्तर: ग) G6PD deficiency
G6PD deficiency reduces NADPH, so oxidant stress denatures haemoglobin into Heinz bodies, which splenic macrophages remove, leaving bite cells. Drugs such as primaquine and dapsone commonly precipitate haemolysis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In sickle cell disease, the mutation in the beta-globin chain replaces glutamic acid at position 6 with:
सही उत्तर: ख) Valine
HbS results from a point mutation substituting valine for glutamic acid at position 6, causing polymerisation when deoxygenated. Substitution by lysine at the same position produces HbC.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which laboratory finding is typical of iron deficiency anaemia?
सही उत्तर: ख) Increased total iron-binding capacity
In iron deficiency, the liver makes more transferrin, so TIBC rises while ferritin and transferrin saturation fall. RDW is increased because of variation in red cell size.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positivity is characteristic of:
सही उत्तर: ख) Hairy cell leukaemia
Hairy cell leukaemia is a B-cell neoplasm with hair-like cytoplasmic projections, TRAP positivity and a BRAF V600E mutation. It typically presents with massive splenomegaly and a 'dry tap' on marrow aspiration.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a specific treatment for:
सही उत्तर: ग) Acute promyelocytic leukaemia
APL has t(15;17) producing the PML-RARA fusion protein; ATRA induces differentiation of the abnormal promyelocytes. CML is treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Auer rods are characteristically seen in:
सही उत्तर: ख) Acute myeloid leukaemia
Auer rods are needle-like azurophilic granule aggregates found in myeloblasts, so they indicate a myeloid lineage; they are abundant in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. They are not seen in lymphoid leukaemias.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Schiller-Duval bodies are characteristic of:
सही उत्तर: क) Yolk sac tumour
Schiller-Duval bodies are glomerulus-like structures with a central vessel, seen in yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumour, which also secretes alpha-fetoprotein. Choriocarcinoma secretes hCG and lacks these bodies.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The tumour suppressor gene called the 'guardian of the genome' is:
सही उत्तर: ग) TP53
p53 senses DNA damage and causes G1 arrest for repair or triggers apoptosis if damage is irreparable, hence 'guardian of the genome'. It is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers; RB is the 'governor' of the cell cycle.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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