सर्जरी – Surgery MCQ
सर्जरी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Surgery · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४८२ प्रश्न
४८२ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
सर्जरी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Escharotomy is indicated in burns for:
सही उत्तर: क) Circumferential full-thickness burns of a limb or chest compromising circulation or ventilation
Inelastic circumferential eschar acts like a tourniquet, cutting off circulation to a limb or limiting chest expansion. Incising it relieves the constriction. Burn size alone is not an indication.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A painless burn with a dry, white, leathery surface that does not blanch is most likely a:
सही उत्तर: घ) Full-thickness burn
Full-thickness burns destroy dermal nerve endings, so they are painless and leathery, and they usually need excision and grafting. Superficial partial-thickness burns are very painful, moist and blistered.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Bruising over the mastoid process after head injury (Battle's sign) suggests:
सही उत्तर: ग) Fracture of the middle cranial fossa (base of skull)
Battle's sign suggests a petrous temporal (middle cranial fossa) basal skull fracture. Periorbital 'raccoon eyes' bruising suggests an anterior cranial fossa fracture.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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An extradural (epidural) haematoma most commonly results from injury to the:
सही उत्तर: ख) Middle meningeal artery
A temporal bone fracture tearing the middle meningeal artery is the classic cause. On CT it appears as a biconvex (lentiform) collection, often with a lucid interval. Torn bridging veins cause a crescentic subdural haematoma.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A Cushing reflex (hypertension, bradycardia and irregular breathing) after head injury indicates:
सही उत्तर: क) Raised intracranial pressure
The Cushing reflex is a late sign of raised intracranial pressure and impending herniation. Hypovolaemic shock causes hypotension with tachycardia, which is the opposite pattern.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A 70 kg adult needs maintenance IV fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, the hourly maintenance rate is:
सही उत्तर: घ) 110 mL/h
The 4-2-1 rule gives 4 mL/kg/h for the first 10 kg, 2 mL/kg/h for the next 10 kg and 1 mL/kg/h for each kg above 20. That is 40 + 20 + 50 = 110 mL/h. 100 mL/h comes from wrongly using 1 mL/kg/h for the whole weight above 10 kg (40 + 60).
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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According to ATLS, class III haemorrhagic shock corresponds to a blood loss of approximately:
सही उत्तर: ग) 30–40% of blood volume
Class III (30–40%) is the first class in which systolic blood pressure usually falls, with marked tachycardia and confusion. It usually needs blood transfusion. Class II (15–30%) has tachycardia but normal systolic pressure.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Flail chest is defined as:
सही उत्तर: ख) Fracture of two or more adjacent ribs, each broken in two or more places
A flail segment is not attached to the rest of the chest wall and moves paradoxically. The main cause of hypoxia is the underlying pulmonary contusion.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Beck's triad (hypotension, distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds) indicates:
सही उत्तर: क) Cardiac tamponade
Beck's triad is classic for cardiac tamponade, which is treated by pericardiocentesis or surgical drainage. Tension pneumothorax can also cause hypotension and raised JVP, but breath sounds are absent and the trachea is deviated, rather than heart sounds being muffled.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The BRCA1 gene, associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, is located on chromosome:
सही उत्तर: घ) 17
BRCA1 is on chromosome 17q and BRCA2 is on chromosome 13q. Both are tumour suppressor genes involved in DNA repair. The APC gene of familial adenomatous polyposis is on chromosome 5.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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