स्नातकोत्तर मेडिकल प्रवेश (MECEE-PG)
स्नातकोत्तर मेडिकल प्रवेश (MECEE-PG)
MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · २,८६५ प्रश्न
२,८६५ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
MD/MS प्रवेश: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Following total thyroidectomy, temporary hearing impairment can occur due to damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Which structure is most commonly affected by this injury?
सही उत्तर: ख) Larynx
Option 1 (Larynx) is correct. The recurrent laryngeal nerve, which innervates muscles controlling vocal cord movement, closely traverses the larynx. Damage to this nerve leads to paralysis of the vocal cords and, consequently, diminished ability to produce high-pitched sounds. Options 2, 3, and 4 represent other structures that may be affected post-thyroidectomy but are not directly responsible for hearing impairment.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Barrett’s oesophagus is a chronic inflammation of the distal esophagus often associated with increased risk of adenocarcinoma. Which of the following malignancies does Barrett's oesophagus most strongly predispose to?
सही उत्तर: क) Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Option 0 (Adenocarcinoma) is correct. Barrett’s esophagus directly leads to metaplastic changes in the esophageal lining, transforming it into intestinal-type epithelium, significantly increasing the risk of developing adenocarcinoma. The other options are cancers with different origins and do not have a direct link to Barrett's esophagus.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following cell types plays a significant role in the initial stages of wound healing by releasing growth factors?
सही उत्तर: ख) B) Macrophages.
Macrophages, particularly M2 macrophages, are key players in the inflammatory phase and early stages of wound healing. They release a variety of growth factors (e.g., PDGF, TGF-β) that stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Neutrophils are primarily involved in acute inflammation. Option C are red blood cells, and option D platelets.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The hormone insulin primarily stimulates which of the following metabolic processes?
सही उत्तर: ग) C) Gluconeogenesis – the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.
Insulin’s main effect is to promote gluconeogenesis, meaning it stimulates the creation of new glucose molecules from sources other than carbohydrates. This helps maintain blood sugar levels. Option A describes glycogen breakdown, Option B fat synthesis, and Option D protein degradation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary site of urea cycle activity in mammals is:
सही उत्तर: ग) C) The peroxisomes within hepatocytes.
The urea cycle, responsible for detoxifying ammonia, occurs predominantly within the peroxisomes of liver cells. This is where the enzymes involved are localized. Option A is incorrect as mitochondria primarily handle oxidative phosphorylation. Option B describes tubular reabsorption, not urea synthesis. Option D relates to steroid hormone production.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A female patient presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Abdominal examination reveals guarding. An ultrasound shows dilated bowel loops filled with gas. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis? (a) Appendicitis (b) Small Bowel Obstruction (c) Gastroenteritis (d) Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Small Bowel Obstruction
The clinical presentation of severe abdominal pain, guarding, nausea, vomiting, and constipation, along with dilated bowel loops on ultrasound strongly suggests small bowel obstruction. Appendicitis typically presents with localized tenderness and fever, while gastroenteritis causes watery diarrhea. IBS is a chronic condition characterized by altered bowel habits but doesn't present with acute, severe symptoms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A newborn infant is diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism following screening at birth. The primary goal of treatment in this infant is to: (a) Prevent corneal opacities. (b) Promote rapid weight gain and neurological development. (c) Reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome. (d) Minimize the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Promote rapid weight gain and neurological development.
Congenital hypothyroidism can lead to severe intellectual disability and growth retardation if left untreated. Prompt thyroid hormone replacement therapy is crucial for optimal neurological development and overall growth. While corneal opacities are a potential complication of iodine deficiency, they're not the primary goal of treatment in congenital hypothyroidism.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A pregnant woman in her third trimester experiences recurrent episodes of painless vaginal bleeding and cervical dilatation. She has a history of multiple miscarriages. Which of the following conditions is most likely? (a) Placenta Previa (b) Cervical Insufficiency (c) Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) (d) Uterine Rupture
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
The combination of painless bleeding and cervical dilatation is highly suggestive of GTD, specifically a gestational trophoblastic neoplasm. Placenta previa involves bleeding from the implantation site without dilation. Cervical insufficiency can cause bleeding but typically presents with contractions. Uterine rupture is usually associated with trauma or previous uterine surgery.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A 6-month-old infant presents with ‘red currant jelly’ stools, significant abdominal distension, and inconsolable crying. Examination reveals a harsh rumbling sound in the abdomen. The most likely diagnosis is: (a) Infant Colic (b) Viral Gastroenteritis (c) Cow's Milk Protein Allergy (d) Intussusception
सही उत्तर: क) (a) Infant Colic
The ‘red currant jelly’ stools, abdominal distension and crying are classic symptoms of infant colic. While other options can cause similar symptoms, the rumbling sound strongly points to increased intestinal motility characteristic of colic. Viral gastroenteritis is also possible but lacks the characteristic stool appearance.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A newborn infant presents with profound cyanosis, a ‘bell-shaped’ cardiac silhouette on chest X-ray, and significant edema. The most likely diagnosis is: (a) Congenital Heart Defect – Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (b) Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) (c) Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN) (d) Trisomy 18
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
The ‘bell-shaped’ cardiac silhouette and cyanosis strongly suggest a structural heart defect, particularly HLHS which presents with pulmonary hypertension and a characteristic cardiac morphology. VSDs can cause cyanosis but typically don’t present with such a distinct silhouette. Trisomy 18 is associated with various anomalies but not necessarily this specific chest X-ray finding.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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