फार्माकोलोजी – Pharmacology MCQ
फार्माकोलोजी – अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नर्सिङ
Pharmacology · International Nursing (NCLEX-RN, DHA, HAAD) · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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A client with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin is receiving intravenous antibiotics for an infection. The nurse observes signs of urticaria and difficulty breathing. What is the MOST appropriate immediate nursing action?
सही उत्तर: क) Administer epinephrine as prescribed.
The correct answer is 0 because epinephrine is the standard treatment for anaphylaxis. Options 1 and 2 are incorrect as they delay critical intervention. Option 3 is necessary, but epinephrine provides immediate relief. Option 4 is ineffective in managing an acute allergic reaction.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient is prescribed warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which dietary recommendation is MOST important for the nurse to educate the patient about?
सही उत्तर: ख) Consume large amounts of leafy green vegetables daily.
The correct answer is 1. Warfarin's efficacy relies on maintaining stable levels of Vitamin K, which is an antagonist to the drug. Citrus fruits and leafy greens are high in Vitamin K. Options 2 and 3 are incorrect as they suggest increasing or maintaining high amounts of Vitamin K, potentially counteracting warfarin’s effects. Option 4 incorrectly suggests avoiding all Vitamin K rich foods.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with severe heart failure is prescribed furosemide (a loop diuretic). What is the MOST important nursing consideration when administering this medication? a) Administering it orally to ensure consistent absorption. b) Monitoring for signs of hypokalemia due to the diuretic effect. c) Limiting fluid intake before administration to reduce its potency. d) Injecting it slowly intravenously over 15 minutes to minimize discomfort.
सही उत्तर: ख) b
Option B is correct. Furosemide causes significant potassium loss through diuresis, leading to hypokalemia (low potassium). Continuous monitoring for this electrolyte imbalance is crucial as it can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Options A, C and D are not primary considerations in the administration of furosemide.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient has been prescribed a benzodiazepine for anxiety. Which of the following actions would be MOST appropriate to minimize the risk of respiratory depression? a) Administering a full glass of water with each dose. b) Monitoring the patient's vital signs, especially respiratory rate and depth. c) Encouraging frequent physical activity throughout the day. d) Prescribing the benzodiazepine in combination with an opioid analgesic.
सही उत्तर: ख) b
Option B is correct. Benzodiazepines can depress the central nervous system, potentially leading to respiratory depression. Continuous monitoring of vital signs, particularly respiratory rate and depth, allows for timely intervention if a patient becomes compromised. Options A, C and D are not primary safety measures.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient diagnosed with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor). Which of the following laboratory findings would be MOST closely monitored in this patient? a) Serum Calcium Levels b) Serum Potassium Levels c) Serum Creatinine Levels d) Serum Albumin Levels
सही उत्तर: ग) c
Option B is correct. ACE inhibitors like lisinopril can cause hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) due to their effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which inhibits potassium excretion. Monitoring serum potassium is therefore paramount. Options A, C and D are not typically directly impacted by ACE inhibitor use.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient is receiving intravenous heparin for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following laboratory tests would be MOST important to monitor regularly to assess the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)? a) Complete Blood Count (CBC) b) Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR) c) Serum Electrolytes d) Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
सही उत्तर: ख) b
Option B is correct. PT/INR monitoring is crucial in patients receiving heparin as it directly assesses the anticoagulant effect of heparin and can detect a decrease in platelet count, a key indicator of HIT. CBC checks for thrombocytopenia but doesn’t directly monitor heparin effects. LFTs and Electrolytes are not primarily used for HIT assessment.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed salmeterol. Salmeterol's primary action in this patient’s condition is to: a) Directly relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi. b) Prolong the opening of the airways by inhibiting beta-2 adrenergic receptors. c) Reduce inflammation within the airways. d) Increase mucus clearance from the lungs.
सही उत्तर: ख) b
Option B is correct. Salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA), which specifically acts on beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the bronchioles, leading to bronchodilation and prolonged airway opening. Options A and C describe different mechanisms not directly associated with salmeterol’s typical use in COPD. Option D describes the action of a mucolytic drug.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which medication would be administered *first* in a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction?
सही उत्तर: ख) Epinephrine (एपिनेफ्रीन)
Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its rapid vasoconstrictive and bronchodilatory effects. It quickly reverses the symptoms of a severe allergic reaction.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed montelukast for asthma management. What is the primary mechanism by which montelukast exerts its therapeutic effect?
सही उत्तर: घ) Suppression of leukotriene synthesis (ल्यूट्रोइन संश्लेषणलाई दबाउँछ)
Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist. It specifically blocks the action of leukotrienes, inflammatory mediators that contribute to asthma symptoms. Bronchodilation and increased mucociliary clearance are effects of different medications.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient is receiving intravenous morphine for pain management. Which finding would indicate the nurse should immediately notify the physician?
सही उत्तर: ख) Decreased blood pressure (रक्तचाप कमी भएको)
Morphine can cause significant hypotension. While nausea and an increased respiratory rate are possible side effects, they don’t necessitate immediate physician notification as severely as dangerously low blood pressure. Patient reporting restful sleep is a positive sign of pain relief.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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