आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Which of the following best describes the primary role of central chemoreceptors in regulating respiration? (a) Detection of increased carbon dioxide levels in arterial blood (b) Response to changes in pH levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (c) Stimulation by low partial pressures of oxygen in arterial blood (d) Measurement of temperature fluctuations in the brainstem
सही उत्तर: घ) (d) Measurement of temperature fluctuations in the brainstem
Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla oblongata are highly sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in cerebrospinal fluid. A rise in CO2 stimulates these receptors, which then increases ventilation rate to expel excess CO2 and maintain blood pH homeostasis. Options (a), (b), and (d) describe other physiological mechanisms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The ‘suspensory ligament of Treitz’ extends from the lower third of the esophagus to which structure? (a) The diaphragm (b) The ascending aorta (c) The carina of the trachea (d) The vertebral column
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) The carina of the trachea
The suspensory ligament of Treitz attaches to the lower third of the esophagus and its primary function is to support the esophageal hiatus (opening) through which the esophagus passes into the thorax. Option (a) describes the diaphragm’s structure; (c) refers to a respiratory structure, and (d) relates to the vertebral column.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The process of peristalsis in the esophagus relies on rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle, driven by: (a) Sympathetic nervous system stimulation (b) Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation (c) Somatic nervous system stimulation (d) Voluntary muscular control
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) Somatic nervous system stimulation
Peristalsis is mediated by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic nervous system. This system releases acetylcholine, which stimulates smooth muscle contraction to propel food along the digestive tract. (a) and (c) involve conscious control; (d) is incorrect as peristalsis occurs without conscious effort.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following structures is *primarily* responsible for transmitting proprioceptive information regarding knee joint position? (a) Tibial nerve (b) Femoral nerve (c) Posterior cruciate ligament (d) Anterior tibial nerve
सही उत्तर: घ) (d) Anterior tibial nerve
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is a major stabilizer of the knee and contains proprioceptors that sense joint position and movement, providing crucial feedback for balance and coordinated movements. Options (a), (b), and (d) are peripheral nerves primarily involved in sensation but not specifically proprioception related to joint positioning.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus within the kidney is to: (a) Regulate blood glucose levels (b) Produce red blood cells (c) Control renal fluid filtration and blood pressure regulation (d) Transport nutrients from the small intestine
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) Control renal fluid filtration and blood pressure regulation
The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of the macula densa and the granular cells. The macula densa detects changes in sodium concentration in the distal convoluted tubule, while the granular cells secrete renin, playing a key role in blood pressure regulation and fluid balance. Option (a) is related to pancreatic function, (b) to hematopoiesis, and (d) to digestive processes.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanism of action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?
सही उत्तर: घ) It stimulates the release of neurotransmitters causing depolarization
Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to nicotinic receptors on the muscle fiber, causing depolarization and initiating muscle contraction. The other options describe actions of other neurotransmitters or pathways.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is to regulate which key physiological parameter?
सही उत्तर: क) Blood glucose levels
The RAAS directly controls blood pressure by producing angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. While it influences sodium balance, its primary role is in maintaining appropriate blood pressure.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which hormone primarily regulates the breakdown of glycogen in skeletal muscle?
सही उत्तर: ग) Glucagon
Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen) to raise blood glucose levels. Insulin promotes glycogenesis, while adrenaline and cortisol have broader metabolic effects.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of dystrophic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by which of the following?
सही उत्तर: ख) Myocardial fibrosis and scarring
DCM is defined by its hallmark feature of myocardial fibrosis, leading to structural changes and impaired function. The other options represent normal or healthy cardiac physiology.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following amino acids is uniquely incorporated into proteins via the wobble hypothesis at the third codon position?
सही उत्तर: क) Glycine
Glycine utilizes the wobble hypothesis, allowing it to pair with U in mRNA due to a conformational change at the third codon position. The other options have fixed pairings and do not require this flexibility.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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