आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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In skeletal muscle physiology, what primarily determines the rate of contraction?
सही उत्तर: ग) C. The frequency of action potentials reaching the neuromuscular junction.
Option C is correct; the rate of contraction is dictated by the frequency of action potentials generated in the motor neuron, which then trigger muscle fiber depolarization. Options A, B, and D are factors influencing overall muscle function but don’t directly determine the *rate* of contraction.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which aldosterone regulates blood pressure?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. By promoting vasodilation throughout the circulatory system.
Option A is correct; aldosterone acts on the principal cells of the distal nephron, increasing sodium reabsorption and consequently water reabsorption, which expands blood volume and elevates blood pressure. Options B, C, and D represent incorrect effects of different hormones or physiological mechanisms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of the intercalated cells in the renal medulla is:
सही उत्तर: ग) C. Facilitation of countercurrent multiplication for concentrating urine.
Option C is correct; intercalated cells are specialized for creating an osmotic gradient through countercurrent multiplication, allowing for efficient water reabsorption and urine concentration. Options A, B, and D relate to other renal cell functions or processes – they're not the primary role of intercalated cells.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following vitamins is primarily involved in blood clotting? (a) Vitamin C (b) Vitamin D (c) Vitamin K (d) Vitamin B12
सही उत्तर: घ) (d) Vitamin B12
Vitamin K is a cofactor for several enzymes involved in the synthesis of clotting factors, making it essential for blood coagulation. The other vitamins have different primary roles within the body.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary role of the Golgi apparatus within a cell is: (a) Protein synthesis (b) Lipid metabolism (c) Processing and packaging of proteins and lipids (d) Energy production
सही उत्तर: घ) (d) Energy production
The Golgi apparatus functions as a central hub for modifying, sorting, and packaging newly synthesized proteins and lipids for delivery to their final destinations within or outside the cell. The other options describe different cellular functions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which enzyme plays a pivotal role in gluconeogenesis under conditions of fasting? (a) Lactase (b) Amylase (c) Pyruvate carboxylase (d) Lipase
सही उत्तर: घ) (d) Lipase
Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the first committed step in gluconeogenesis by converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate. This process is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels during fasting. Lactase and amylase are involved in carbohydrate digestion; lipase breaks down lipids.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements best describes the role of carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells? (a) Catalyzing the breakdown of ATP to provide energy. (b) Facilitating the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate ions. (c) Regulating oxygen transport by binding to hemoglobin. (d) Promoting erythrocyte maturation during development.
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) Regulating oxygen transport by binding to hemoglobin.
Carbonic anhydrase is crucial in red blood cells for facilitating the reversible hydration of CO2, forming bicarbonate ions – a key component in transporting carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Option (a) describes ATP breakdown, (c) oxygen binding, and (d) erythropoiesis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node is to generate which type of electrical impulse? (a) Purkinje fibers (b) Action potentials in ventricular muscle (c) Electrical impulses that trigger heart contractions (d) Signals transmitted from the autonomic nervous system
सही उत्तर: घ) (d) Signals transmitted from the autonomic nervous system
The SA node, also known as the pacemaker of the heart, initiates electrical impulses responsible for regular heartbeats. Options (a), (b) and (d) relate to other parts of the cardiovascular system or its control mechanisms, but not the fundamental function of the SA node itself.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism? (a) They are primarily involved in protein synthesis. (b) They are responsible for lipid breakdown and storage. (c) They generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. (d) They play a crucial role in DNA replication.
सही उत्तर: ग) They generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) – the cell’s energy currency. The other options describe roles for other cellular components.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements best describes the location and function of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?
सही उत्तर: ख) Synthesize melanin for skin pigmentation
The Islets of Langerhans contain clusters of endocrine cells (beta and alpha cells) that secrete insulin and glucagon respectively, which are vital hormones in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and maintaining stable blood glucose concentration.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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