आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Which of the following processes is most directly associated with the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in the body?
सही उत्तर: घ) Gluconeogenesis – the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
Gluconeogenesis is a key process in maintaining blood glucose levels, especially during fasting or starvation. It allows the body to produce glucose from alternative substrates like amino acids and glycerol. The other options represent different metabolic pathways involving glucose.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The anatomical term ‘retroperitoneal’ primarily describes which of the following structures?
सही उत्तर: ख) Structures immediately adjacent to the abdominal wall
'Retroperitoneal' indicates that a structure is situated behind or alongside the peritoneum but not fully enclosed within it. This position provides space for vital organs and supports.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which component of blood plays a crucial role in maintaining colloid osmotic pressure, contributing to fluid regulation within capillaries?
सही उत्तर: ग) Plasma proteins
Plasma proteins, particularly albumin, are responsible for colloid osmotic pressure. This pressure is vital for preventing excessive fluid leakage from the capillaries into surrounding tissues. Red blood cells and white blood cells do not contribute significantly to colloid osmotic pressure.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the sino-atrial node (SA node)?
सही उत्तर: क) It initiates the spread of electrical impulses throughout the heart
The SA node is known as the 'pacemaker' of the heart. It spontaneously depolarizes, initiating the electrical impulse that triggers each heartbeat. The other options describe other functions within the cardiovascular system.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following anatomical structures is primarily responsible for the production of intrinsic factor required for gastric acid absorption?
सही उत्तर: ख) Parietal cells of the stomach
Parietal cells, located in the gastric mucosa, secrete intrinsic factor. This protein is crucial for the absorption of vitamin B12 by the ileum. The other options represent different cell types or structures within the stomach involved in acid production and digestion.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for synthesizing collagen within tendons? (a) Osteoblasts (b) Fibroblasts (c) Chondrocytes (d) Erythrocytes
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Fibroblasts
Collagen synthesis is the main function of fibroblasts and osteoblasts. However, in tendons collagen is produced by fibroblasts. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells, chondrocytes reside in cartilage and erythrocytes transport oxygen.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with symptoms of muscle weakness, respiratory distress, and a metabolic acidosis. Blood tests reveal elevated levels of lactic acid. Which biochemical pathway is most likely impaired? (a) Glycolysis (b) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) (c) Electron Transport Chain (d) Urea Cycle
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) Electron Transport Chain
The buildup of lactic acid indicates a disruption in the electron transport chain, leading to anaerobic metabolism. This option accurately describes the consequence of a malfunctioning ETC. Glycolysis is linked to it but does not cause acidosis and the urea cycle handles nitrogenous waste.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following enzymes plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by catalyzing the breakdown of glycogen? (a) Amylase (b) Lipase (c) Catalase (d) Glycogen phosphorylase
सही उत्तर: घ) (d) Glycogen phosphorylase
Glycogen phosphorylase specifically breaks down glycogen into glucose. Amylase digests starch, lipase breaks down fats and catalase is an enzyme that degrades hydrogen peroxide. This is the correct answer.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The process of glomerular filtration in the kidney is most directly driven by changes in which of the following? (a) Plasma osmolality. (b) Intracellular pH. (c) Hydrostatic and oncotic pressures. (d) Adrenal hormone levels.
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) Hydrostatic and oncotic pressures.
Glomerular filtration is fundamentally determined by the balance of hydrostatic pressure (pushing fluid out), oncotic pressure (pulling fluid in), and the colloid osmotic pressure created by proteins in the blood. Option (a) reflects changes in plasma concentration, (b) relates to acidity/alkalinity, (c) represents the key driving forces and (d) is irrelevant to this process.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)? (a) To initiate inflammatory responses. (b) To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. (c) To regulate hormone secretion. (d) To synthesize antibodies.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.
Erythrocytes are specialized cells primarily responsible for oxygen transport due to their high concentration of hemoglobin. Option (a) describes the function of leukocytes (white blood cells), (c) relates to the endocrine system and (d) involves immune cell production. This option accurately reflects the core role of red blood cells.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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