आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
-
The ‘sodium-potassium pump’ located on the cell membrane is most directly involved in maintaining:
सही उत्तर: ख) Membrane potential
The sodium-potassium pump actively transports Na+ ions out of the cell and K+ ions into the cell, establishing an electrochemical gradient that drives membrane potential. This is a fundamental process for maintaining cellular function.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
The primary function of the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is to:
सही उत्तर: ख) Decrease blood volume
ANP promotes vasodilation and inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to a decrease in blood volume and consequently, a reduction in blood pressure. The other options represent opposing physiological effects.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
Which of the following enzymes plays a critical role in the regulation of cholesterol synthesis? (a) Lipase (b) HMG-CoA reductase (c) Phospholipase A2 (d) Acetylcholinesterase
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) HMG-CoA reductase
HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, making it a key regulator. Lipase breaks down fats; phospholiase A2 deals with membrane phospholipids and acetylcholinesterase functions in neurotransmission.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the sarcomere? (a) It is the membrane-bound structure surrounding a muscle cell. (b) It represents the contractile unit within a muscle fiber, responsible for generating force during contraction. (c) It contains the nucleus and organelles necessary for muscle cell survival. (d) It produces neurotransmitters that trigger muscle contraction.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) It represents the contractile unit within a muscle fiber, responsible for generating force during contraction.
The sarcomere is fundamental to muscle contraction. It's the defined segment of the myofibril containing repeating units (actin and myosin) responsible for shortening during force generation. The other options describe different cellular components or processes related to muscle function.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
The hormone insulin primarily affects glucose metabolism by: (a) Increasing glycogen synthesis in the liver. (b) Decreasing gluconeogenesis in the liver. (c) Stimulating lipolysis in adipose tissue. (d) Inhibiting glycolysis in muscle cells.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Decreasing gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Insulin's main effect is promoting glucose uptake and storage. It stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver, which stores excess glucose. (b) inhibits gluconeogenesis; (c) promotes fat breakdown; and (d) suppresses glycolysis – all incorrect responses.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
A patient presents with symptoms including muscle cramps and myoglobinuria following intense exercise. Blood lactate levels are normal. Which biochemical pathway is MOST likely involved in this presentation? (a) Glycolysis. (b) The Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle). (c) Beta-oxidation of fatty acids. (d) Ketogenesis.
सही उत्तर: घ) (d) Ketogenesis.
The patient’s symptoms – muscle cramps and myoglobinuria with normal lactate – point to ketogenesis. Beta-oxidation is involved in fat metabolism, but doesn't directly cause these symptoms. Glycolysis produces lactate, and the Krebs cycle supports ATP production, neither of which fits the clinical picture. Ketogenesis (production of ketone bodies) is linked to this presentation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)? (a) Facilitating nutrient absorption in the small intestine. (b) Transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. (c) Initiating immune responses against pathogens. (d) Regulating blood pressure and coagulation.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.
The correct answer is (b). Erythrocytes are specialized for oxygen transport due to their high concentration of hemoglobin. Option (a) describes the function of the small intestine, (c) refers to leukocytes, and (d) concerns platelets and vascular tone.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
Which enzyme is directly involved in the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin during blood coagulation?
सही उत्तर: ख) Thrombin
Thrombin, a serine protease produced early in the clotting cascade, cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin monomers. These monomers then self-assemble to create the stable fibrin meshwork that forms the clot. The other options are involved earlier stages or alternative pathways of coagulation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
The Golgi apparatus plays a vital role in cellular function. Which of the following is its primary contribution to protein synthesis?
सही उत्तर: ख) Modifying and packaging proteins for secretion
The Golgi apparatus functions as a processing center, specifically modifying and packaging proteins – including those destined for secretion. It also adds carbohydrates to proteins (glycosylation). The other options describe functions of ribosomes or other cellular organelles.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
-
In response to a decrease in arterial oxygen levels, central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata respond by increasing ventilation. What is the primary mechanism behind this effect?
सही उत्तर: ख) Increased production of erythropoietin
Central chemoreceptors are highly sensitive to changes in hydrogen ion (H+) concentration, which is directly influenced by PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen). An increased PaO2 leads to a decrease in H+ levels, stimulating the central chemoreceptors to boost ventilation. The other options describe alternative physiological responses.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
यी अभ्यास प्रश्न हुन्, आधिकारिक प्रश्न होइनन्। पाठ्यक्रम, विज्ञापन र नतिजाका लागि सम्बन्धित निकायको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट हेर्नुहोस्। उत्तरमा गल्ती भेटे प्रश्नमुनिको "टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट" मा लेख्नुहोस्।
नमस्ते! पाठ्यक्रम, सामान्य ज्ञान, भाषा परीक्षा वा कुनै प्रश्नको उत्तर बुझ्न सोध्नुहोस्।
AI ले गल्ती गर्न सक्छ। महत्वपूर्ण कुरा आधिकारिक स्रोतमा जाँच्नुहोस्।