आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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The primary function of the sinoatrial node is to:
सही उत्तर: ग) C) Initiate and regulate the heartbeat through spontaneous depolarization.
The sinoatrial node (SA node), also known as the pacemaker of the heart, generates electrical impulses which trigger cardiac contraction. It does this by a self-oscillating mechanism involving ion channels, initiating and regulating the heartbeat. Options A describes conduction through AV node, B is the role of autonomic nervous system, and D relates to filtration within the left atrium.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The hormone calcitonin, produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland, plays a role in regulating calcium homeostasis. Which of the following is its *primary* mechanism of action?
सही उत्तर: ग) Directly lowering blood calcium levels
Option 2 (Stimulating osteoblast activity) is correct. Calcitonin inhibits osteoclast activity, reducing bone breakdown and thus decreasing serum calcium concentrations. Options 1, 3, and 4 describe incorrect effects or actions of this hormone.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following processes is *primarily* responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body?
सही उत्तर: घ) Hormonal regulation by insulin and glucagon
Option 3 (Hormonal regulation by insulin and glucagon) is correct. Insulin and glucagon are key hormones that regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating uptake or release of glucose, respectively. Options 1, 2, and 4 describe other transport mechanisms or digestive processes.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the location and function of the epiphysis in long bones?
सही उत्तर: ख) The growth plate responsible for longitudinal bone lengthening
Option 1 (The growth plate responsible for longitudinal bone lengthening) is correct. The epiphyses are associated with the epiphyseal plates, also known as the growth plates, where cartilage cells proliferate and eventually replace spongy bone, leading to lengthening of the bone. Options 2 and 3 are incorrect descriptions relating to other parts of the long bone.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus within the renal cortex is to regulate blood pressure and urine production. Which component *directly* detects changes in arterial blood pressure and responds by releasing renin?
सही उत्तर: क) Renin
Option 1 (Renin) is correct – the juxtaglomerular cells, specifically macula densa cells, contain specialized cells that sense changes in blood pressure and release renin. The other options are incorrect as they represent different parts of the kidney involved in filtration or urine collection but do not initiate renin secretion.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the sinoatrial node? (a) It delays the electrical impulse slightly before transmitting it to the atria. (b) It is responsible for initiating and regulating heart rate. (c) It solely conducts the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles. (d) It stores glucose for energy production in cardiac muscle cells.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) It is responsible for initiating and regulating heart rate.
The sinoatrial node (SA node), often called the ‘pacemaker’ of the heart, initiates the electrical impulse that triggers each heartbeat and slightly delays it before transmission, allowing atrial contraction. Options (b) and (c) describe functions performed by other conduction pathways.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary hormone responsible for stimulating the synthesis of red blood cells is: (a) Thyroxine (b) Adrenaline (c) Erythropoietin (d) Insulin
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO), produced by the kidneys, is a key regulator of red blood cell production in response to low oxygen levels. Options (a) and (d) are related to metabolism and energy, while (b) relates to fight-or-flight responses.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in cells? (a) They are involved in protein synthesis and modification. (b) They contain enzymes for breaking down cellular waste materials and debris. (c) They are responsible for generating energy through oxidative phosphorylation. (d) They primarily function in lipid metabolism.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) They contain enzymes for breaking down cellular waste materials and debris.
Lysosomes are organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down damaged cell components and recycle materials, a process critical for cellular homeostasis. Options (a), (c) and (d) describe other metabolic functions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of osteocalcin is: (a) Promoting bone resorption. (b) Stimulating collagen synthesis in bone matrix formation. (c) Inhibiting calcium absorption from the intestine. (d) Directing angiogenesis within skeletal tissues.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Stimulating collagen synthesis in bone matrix formation.
Osteocalcin plays a crucial role in bone mineralization by stimulating collagen production and promoting osteoblast differentiation. Options (a) and (c) describe opposing actions, while (d) is the function of other factors.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary function of carbonic anhydrase? (a) Catalyzing the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. (b) Facilitating the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate ions. (c) Promoting the breakdown of glucose for energy production. (d) Regulating sodium ion transport across cell membranes.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Facilitating the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate ions.
Carbonic anhydrase is a key enzyme involved in maintaining acid-base balance by catalyzing the reaction between CO2 and H2O, producing H+ and bicarbonate ions. Option (a) describes ATP hydrolysis, (c) glucose breakdown, and (d) sodium transport are unrelated functions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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