आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ

आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर

सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।

सही: ० / ०

81. Which of the following cell types plays a significant role in the initial stages of wound healing by releasing growth factors?

    कA) Neutrophils. खB) Macrophages. गC) Erythrocytes. घD) Thrombocytes.
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82. The hormone insulin primarily stimulates which of the following metabolic processes?

    कA) Glycogenolysis – the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. खB) Lipogenesis – the synthesis of fatty acids from excess carbohydrates. गC) Gluconeogenesis – the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. घD) Proteolysis – the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
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83. The primary site of urea cycle activity in mammals is:

    कA) The liver mitochondria. खB) The renal proximal convoluted tubule. गC) The peroxisomes within hepatocytes. घD) The adrenal cortex.
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84. A patient presents with edema predominantly in the lower extremities accompanied by shortness of breath, a history of prolonged standing, and mild hypertension. Which of the following physiological mechanisms is MOST likely contributing to this presentation?

    कIncreased sympathetic nervous system activity leading to vasoconstriction खDecreased aldosterone production resulting in reduced sodium reabsorption गIncreased atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion promoting diuresis घEnhanced venous return due to orthostatic hypotension
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85. Which of the following metabolic pathways is primarily driven by pyruvate oxidation?

    कKrebs Cycle खBeta-oxidation of fatty acids गGlycolysis घGluconeogenesis
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86. Which of the following statements best describes the role of pancreatic lipase in digestion?

    कa) It breaks down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids खb) It converts carbohydrates into monosaccharides गc) It hydrolyzes proteins into peptides घd) It synthesizes bile salts for fat emulsification
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87. The presence of high concentrations of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the extracellular fluid is primarily maintained by which renal process?

    कa) Active secretion of hydrogen ions into the distal tubule खb) Parathyroid hormone-stimulated reabsorption of calcium in the ascending limb of Henle's loop गc) Filtration of plasma bicarbonate at the glomerulus followed by reabsorption in the proximal tubule घd) Redistribution of potassium ions from the collecting duct
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88. A patient presents with symptoms including muscle cramps, weakness, and confusion. Blood tests reveal elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK). Which biochemical pathway is MOST likely impaired?

    कa) Glycolysis खb) The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) गc) Oxidative Phosphorylation घd) Gluconeogenesis
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89. The primary function of aldosterone in regulating blood pressure is achieved through which mechanism?

    कa) Directly increasing sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule खb) Decreasing water reabsorption in the collecting duct गc) Stimulating renal artery vasoconstriction directly affecting glomerular filtration rate घd) Increasing potassium secretion into the urine
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90. Which of the following best describes the primary function of cytochrome oxidase in the electron transport chain?

    कa) To catalyze the binding of NADH to the mitochondrial membrane खb) To directly generate ATP from ADP and phosphate गc) To facilitate the transfer of electrons from ubiquinone to plastoquinone घd) To oxidize reducing equivalents (electrons) and contribute to proton gradient formation
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