सामुदायिक चिकित्सा – Community Medicine MCQ
सामुदायिक चिकित्सा – MD/MS प्रवेश
Community Medicine · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४१० प्रश्न
४१० प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
सामुदायिक चिकित्सा: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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The Ministry of Health and Population of Nepal has implemented several initiatives regarding maternal mortality reduction. Which of the following represents a key component of these efforts?
सही उत्तर: ख) Promotion of traditional birth practices
The Ministry’s strategies prioritize access to skilled birth attendants and healthcare services, particularly in remote locations. Options A, B and C represent ineffective or harmful interventions. Option D is an unethical and illegal practice.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A study investigates the relationship between handwashing practices and diarrheal diseases in primary schools. The results show a significant association: more frequent handwashing is linked to fewer cases of diarrhea. Which of the following best represents the type of association demonstrated?
सही उत्तर: घ) Association
The question describes a statistically significant link between two variables. While correlation doesn't necessarily imply causation, it indicates that as one variable increases, the other tends to change in a predictable way. Options B and C are misinterpretations of the term 'correlation'. Option D is too strong a statement.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of community-directed health services (CDHS) programs in Nepal?
सही उत्तर: ख) Improving access to essential healthcare services at the grassroots level
CDHS focuses on bringing healthcare services closer to communities, primarily through local health volunteers and facilities. Options A, C and D describe alternative approaches that do not align with the core objectives of CDHS.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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According to Nepal’s National Population Projections, what is the estimated total fertility rate (TFR) for the year 2023?
सही उत्तर: ख) 2.5 children per woman
The TFR represents the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her reproductive years. The current projected figure for Nepal (based on various demographic studies) is approximately 2.5 children per woman. Options A, C and D are all significantly higher than the projected value.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A village has a population of 3,000. During a one-year period, it records 150 births and 80 deaths. Calculate the crude death rate per 1,000 people in the village.
सही उत्तर: ख) 4.00
The crude death rate is calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the population and multiplying by 1000. (80/3000)*1000 = 4.00. Option B, 6.25 is incorrect because it uses a different calculation involving births per thousand. Options A and C are also significantly lower than the correct answer.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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What does 'positive predictive value' represent in the context of a screening test?
सही उत्तर: क) A) The probability that a person with a positive test result actually has the disease.
Option A is correct. Positive predictive value (PPV) calculates the probability that someone with a positive test result actually has the condition being tested for, considering both the test's accuracy and the prevalence of the disease in the population. Option B describes negative predictive value, option C represents sensitivity, and option D is related to calculating sensitivity.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In Nepal, what public health program has been implemented to reduce maternal mortality rates, primarily focusing on promoting skilled birth attendance and access to emergency obstetric care?
सही उत्तर: ग) C) Swastya Bhata Program
Option C, the ‘Swasthya Bhata’ program, is a key government initiative in Nepal dedicated to reducing maternal mortality by providing skilled birth attendants and facilitating access to emergency obstetric care. The other options relate to different aspects of healthcare but are not specifically focused on reducing maternal mortality in this way.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what is the recommended duration of antenatal care for a normal pregnancy?
सही उत्तर: ख) B) 12-16 weeks
Option B is correct. The WHO recommends at least 12-16 weeks of antenatal care for a normal pregnancy, ensuring regular monitoring and support throughout the gestation period. Option A is too short, while option C represents higher risk pregnancies which require longer observation. Option D reflects typical gestational ages, not the *recommended* duration for all.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The ‘index number’ used to measure the incidence rate of diseases in a population is calculated by dividing which of the following by the denominator?
सही उत्तर: क) A) The total number of cases diagnosed during a specific period.
Option A is correct. Incidence rates are calculated by dividing the number of new cases (numerator) by the population size (denominator) over a specific time interval. Option B includes a population size, but not as the denominator for calculating an *incidence* rate, which measures occurrences in relation to population, not past populations. Options C and D do not relate to incidence calculations.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Berkson’s bias occurs when there is a correlation between two variables, and both are independently correlated with a third variable. This bias is most likely to be observed in which situation?
सही उत्तर: ख) B) When assessing the association between blood pressure and obesity, considering that individuals with high blood pressure may also be more prone to overeating.
Option B is correct because Berkson’s bias arises when confounding variables are not fully accounted for in the analysis. The correlation between high blood pressure and obesity introduces an artificial association if other factors like diet or lifestyle aren't properly controlled. Option A focuses on age as a confounder, but doesn't necessarily illustrate the specific bias of Berkson's. Option C highlights socioeconomic status, but not with the same degree of inherent confounding risk as option B. Option D is a standard epidemiological consideration but doesn’t exemplify Berkson’s bias.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
यी अभ्यास प्रश्न हुन्, आधिकारिक प्रश्न होइनन्। पाठ्यक्रम, विज्ञापन र नतिजाका लागि सम्बन्धित निकायको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट हेर्नुहोस्। उत्तरमा गल्ती भेटे प्रश्नमुनिको "टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट" मा लेख्नुहोस्।
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