सामुदायिक चिकित्सा – Community Medicine MCQ
सामुदायिक चिकित्सा – MD/MS प्रवेश
Community Medicine · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४१० प्रश्न
४१० प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
सामुदायिक चिकित्सा: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Berkson's bias arises particularly in:
सही उत्तर: ख) Hospital-based case-control studies
Different admission rates for people with different combinations of exposure and disease make hospital cases and controls unrepresentative.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Drawing conclusions about individuals from associations observed in group-level (aggregate) data is called:
सही उत्तर: ग) Ecological fallacy
Ecological studies use population-level data, and associations at group level may not hold for individuals.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The Framingham Heart Study, which identified major cardiovascular risk factors, is an example of a:
सही उत्तर: घ) Prospective cohort study
Framingham has followed a defined community population over decades to observe the development of cardiovascular disease.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Recall bias is a particular problem in which type of study?
सही उत्तर: क) Case-control study
In case-control studies exposure is ascertained retrospectively, and cases may remember past exposures differently from controls.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A cross-sectional study primarily measures:
सही उत्तर: ग) Prevalence
A cross-sectional survey observes a population at a single point in time, so it gives prevalence, not incidence.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The incidence of a disease is 30 per 1000 among exposed persons and 10 per 1000 among non-exposed. The attributable risk (per cent) is:
सही उत्तर: ख) 66.7%
Attributable risk % = (Ie − Iu) ÷ Ie × 100 = (30 − 10) ÷ 30 × 100 = 66.7%.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In a family of 6 susceptible members, one person develops measles (primary case) and within one incubation period 2 more members develop it. The secondary attack rate is:
सही उत्तर: घ) 40%
SAR = secondary cases ÷ susceptible contacts (excluding the primary case) × 100 = 2 ÷ 5 × 100 = 40%.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The international conference that declared primary health care as the key to 'Health for All' was held in 1978 at:
सही उत्तर: क) Alma-Ata
The Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978) made primary health care the strategy for Health for All; the Astana Declaration (2018) renewed this commitment.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) consists of:
सही उत्तर: घ) Infant mortality, life expectancy at age one and literacy
PQLI (Morris) uses infant mortality, life expectancy at age one and basic literacy, each scaled 0–100 and averaged; it excludes income.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The Human Development Index (HDI) is based on:
सही उत्तर: ख) Life expectancy at birth, education and gross national income per capita
The UNDP HDI combines a long and healthy life (life expectancy), knowledge (years of schooling) and a decent standard of living (GNI per capita).
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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