प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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The Philadelphia chromosome, characteristic of chronic myeloid leukaemia, results from:
सही उत्तर: ग) t(9;22)
The t(9;22) translocation creates the BCR-ABL fusion gene encoding a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, the target of imatinib. t(8;14) is Burkitt lymphoma and t(15;17) is acute promyelocytic leukaemia.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Vitamin C deficiency impairs wound healing mainly by defective:
सही उत्तर: ख) Hydroxylation of proline and lysine in procollagen
Ascorbic acid is a cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases; without it, the collagen triple helix is unstable, causing scurvy. Lysyl oxidase cross-linking needs copper, not vitamin C.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Epithelioid cells seen in a granuloma are modified:
सही उत्तर: ग) Macrophages
Epithelioid cells are activated macrophages with abundant pink cytoplasm resembling epithelial cells; they may fuse to form multinucleated giant cells. Lymphocytes form a cuff around the granuloma but are not epithelioid cells.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability (thrombophilia) in Caucasian populations is:
सही उत्तर: घ) Factor V Leiden mutation
Factor V Leiden (Arg506Gln) makes factor Va resistant to inactivation by activated protein C. It is far more common than deficiencies of protein C, protein S or antithrombin.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Lines of Zahn are a feature of:
सही उत्तर: घ) Thrombus formed in flowing blood (antemortem thrombus)
Lines of Zahn are alternating pale layers of platelets and fibrin and dark layers of red cells, formed in flowing blood. Their presence distinguishes an antemortem thrombus from a postmortem clot, which lacks laminations.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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AL amyloid, seen in plasma cell dyscrasias, is derived from:
सही उत्तर: ग) Immunoglobulin light chains
AL (amyloid light chain) protein is made of immunoglobulin light chains, usually lambda, produced by monoclonal plasma cells. AA amyloid is derived from serum amyloid A in chronic inflammation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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On Congo red staining viewed under polarised light, amyloid shows:
सही उत्तर: ख) Apple-green birefringence
Amyloid binds Congo red (pink-red under ordinary light) and shows apple-green birefringence under polarised light due to its cross-beta-pleated sheet structure. Maltese cross birefringence is seen with lipid droplets.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Psammoma bodies are characteristically seen in:
सही उत्तर: क) Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Psammoma bodies are concentric laminated calcifications (dystrophic calcification) typical of papillary carcinoma of thyroid; they also occur in serous ovarian tumours and meningioma. Medullary carcinoma shows amyloid stroma instead.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The initiator caspase of the extrinsic (death receptor) pathway of apoptosis is:
सही उत्तर: घ) Caspase-8
Death receptor (Fas/TNF receptor) activation recruits FADD and activates caspase-8. Caspase-9 is the initiator of the intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway and caspase-3 is an executioner caspase.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following nuclear changes indicates irreversible cell injury?
सही उत्तर: क) Karyorrhexis
Nuclear changes such as pyknosis, karyorrhexis (fragmentation) and karyolysis mark irreversible injury (necrosis). Cellular swelling and ER dilatation are reversible changes.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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