प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Which stage of the Plasmodium life cycle is primarily targeted by antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and quinine? (A) Sporozoite (B) Merozoite (C) Gametocyte (D) Liver Schistosome
सही उत्तर: ख) Merozoite
The correct answer is (1) because chloroquine and quinine are most effective at inhibiting the development of merozoites within red blood cells. Option (A) represents a later stage before merozoite formation. Option (C) refers to sexual stages and doesn't directly respond to these drugs, and (D) is related to liver stage parasite.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the pathological hallmark of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)? (A) Neutrophilic infiltration of alveolar walls (B) Hyphae within alveolar spaces (C) Presence of *Pneumocystis jirovecii* cysts and septate hyphae in alveolar exudates (D) Granulomatous inflammation with epithelioid cells
सही उत्तर: ग) Presence of *Pneumocystis jirovecii* cysts and septate hyphae in alveolar exudates
The correct answer is (2) because PCP is characterized by the presence of *Pneumocystis jirovecii* cysts and their associated septate hyphae within alveolar exudates. Option (A) describes bacterial pneumonia. Option (B) describes fungal infections like aspergillosis or candidiasis. Option (D) represents granulomatous inflammation seen in conditions like tuberculosis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Goodpasture syndrome involves immune complex deposition in which tissues leading to glomerulonephritis and lung haemorrhage?
सही उत्तर: ख) Kidney
The answer is ‘Kidney’ because Goodpasture syndrome specifically targets the glomeruli of the kidneys, causing inflammation and damage. The other options (Skin, Lungs, Heart) are organs involved in various systemic diseases but aren't directly associated with this specific condition.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following antimicrobial agents primarily targets bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit?
सही उत्तर: ग) C. Gentamicin
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that specifically inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through its interaction with the 30S ribosomal subunit, disrupting translation. Options A and D are macrolides, while option B is a glycopeptide.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The characteristic feature of 'Zahn lines' in long bones is best described as:
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Bone remodeling during growth
Zahn lines are linear bands of woven bone that appear on radiographs and represent areas of active bone formation during periods of rapid skeletal growth, particularly in children and adolescents. Option A involves bacterial infection, option C is related to autoimmune disease and option D a traumatic event.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with severe hypotension, bronchospasm, and urticaria. Which of the following pharmacological interventions would be MOST appropriate as a first-line treatment?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Epinephrine (adrenaline) injection
Epinephrine is the standard first-line agent for anaphylactic shock due to its vasoconstrictive and bronchodilatory effects. Option A is an opioid with limited efficacy, option C a steroid and option D used for gastric acid reduction.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The presence of intracellular hyaline inclusions, often described as ‘Mallory bodies’, is strongly associated with which pathological condition?
सही उत्तर: ग) C. Ischemic hepatitis
Mallory bodies (Mallory hyaline) are characteristic of ischemic hepatitis, frequently seen in conditions like acute liver failure or biliary obstruction. Option A is associated with necrosis from heart attack, option B with viral damage and option D with kidney disease.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following laboratory findings would MOST strongly suggest a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Positive Anti-dsDNA antibodies
Positive anti-dsDNA antibodies (option B) are highly specific for SLE and indicate an autoimmune attack on double-stranded DNA. While other findings may be present, this antibody is the most indicative marker.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with severe hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and evidence of endothelial damage following a traumatic injury. Which bacterial toxin is most strongly implicated in causing this complex syndrome?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Diphtheria Toxin
Diphtheria toxin (option B) is known to induce DIC and endothelial damage, leading to hypotension and systemic inflammation following bacterial infection. The other toxins don't typically cause this specific pattern of clinical presentation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following pharmacological interventions is most effective in managing acute acetaminophen overdose by promoting glucuronidation and reducing toxicity?
सही उत्तर: क) A. N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (option A) is the gold standard antidote for acetaminophen overdose, as it increases glutathione levels to neutralize the toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. Activated charcoal adsorbs the drug but isn’t effective in this situation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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