प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Clopidogrel inhibits platelet aggregation by:
सही उत्तर: क) Irreversibly blocking the P2Y12 ADP receptor
Clopidogrel is a prodrug whose active metabolite irreversibly blocks the P2Y12 receptor, preventing ADP-induced platelet activation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation for the life of the platelet because it:
सही उत्तर: घ) Irreversibly acetylates cyclo-oxygenase
Aspirin acetylates COX-1 irreversibly; platelets lack nuclei and cannot make new enzyme, so thromboxane A2 production stops for about 7–10 days.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Neostigmine, unlike physostigmine, does not cross the blood–brain barrier because it is a:
सही उत्तर: ख) Quaternary ammonium compound
Neostigmine carries a permanent positive charge (quaternary ammonium), so it acts peripherally; physostigmine is a tertiary amine that enters the CNS.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Buprenorphine acts at the μ-opioid receptor as a:
सही उत्तर: ग) Partial agonist
Buprenorphine is a high-affinity partial μ agonist with a ceiling effect on respiratory depression, useful in opioid substitution therapy.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The therapeutic index of a drug is defined as:
सही उत्तर: ग) TD50 ÷ ED50
Therapeutic index = median toxic (or lethal) dose ÷ median effective dose; a larger value indicates a safer drug.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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At high doses, which drug shows zero-order (saturation) kinetics?
सही उत्तर: ख) Phenytoin
Phenytoin, ethanol and high-dose aspirin saturate their metabolising enzymes, so a fixed amount is eliminated per unit time and small dose increases cause large level rises.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A drug given at a constant dosing rate reaches steady-state plasma concentration after approximately:
सही उत्तर: घ) 4 to 5 half-lives
With first-order elimination, about 94–97% of steady state is reached after 4–5 half-lives, regardless of dose.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which hepatitis virus is a DNA virus?
सही उत्तर: क) Hepatitis B virus
HBV is a partially double-stranded DNA virus (Hepadnaviridae) that replicates through reverse transcription; hepatitis A, C, D and E viruses are RNA viruses.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A fungus that grows as a mould at 25 °C and as a yeast at 37 °C is called dimorphic. Which of the following is a dimorphic fungus?
सही उत्तर: ख) Histoplasma capsulatum
Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides, Sporothrix and Talaromyces are thermally dimorphic; Cryptococcus is a yeast only, while Aspergillus and Rhizopus are moulds only.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A positive germ tube test within 2 hours in serum at 37 °C identifies:
सही उत्तर: ग) Candida albicans
Candida albicans forms germ tubes in serum (Reynolds–Braude phenomenon), distinguishing it from most other yeasts.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
यी अभ्यास प्रश्न हुन्, आधिकारिक प्रश्न होइनन्। पाठ्यक्रम, विज्ञापन र नतिजाका लागि सम्बन्धित निकायको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट हेर्नुहोस्। उत्तरमा गल्ती भेटे प्रश्नमुनिको "टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट" मा लेख्नुहोस्।
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