प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Which of the following drugs is most commonly associated with inducing pulmonary fibrosis as a primary adverse effect?
सही उत्तर: ख) Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide has a well-established association with pulmonary fibrosis, particularly at high cumulative doses. Methotrexate and Doxorubicin are also known to cause pulmonary toxicity but typically manifest differently. Imatinib is primarily associated with cardiovascular side effects.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient diagnosed with leukemia exhibits prominent blasts in the bone marrow, along with extramedullary infiltration of lymph nodes. Which of the following cell lines would be MOST likely to show a markedly elevated white blood cell count?
सही उत्तर: ख) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
AML is characterized by rapid proliferation of immature myeloid blasts, leading to a significant increase in white blood cell counts. CLL typically has a lower lymphocyte count, CML often presents with a normal or mildly elevated WBC count, and Polycythemia Vera involves an overproduction of red blood cells.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following pathological findings would MOST strongly suggest a diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
सही उत्तर: घ) Elevated prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
DIC is characterized by widespread activation of the clotting cascade, leading to microthrombi formation throughout the vasculature. This results in schistocyte formation (fragmented red blood cells), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and prolonged PT/PTT. Increased fibrinogen is a later-stage finding as the body tries to compensate for excessive clotting.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with fever, chills, and a productive cough with greenish sputum. Gram stain reveals the presence of pleomorphic, oxidase-positive bacteria. Which of the following is MOST likely to be the causative agent?
सही उत्तर: क) *Streptococcus pneumoniae*
*Streptococcus pneumoniae* frequently causes pneumonia with these symptoms – it's a common cause of productive cough and greenish sputum. *Staphylococcus aureus* is also capable of causing pneumonia, but typically presents differently. *Haemophilus influenzae* is less commonly associated with this presentation, and *E. coli* is usually found in urinary tract infections.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following staining techniques is most commonly used to visualize acid-fast bacilli (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) within granulomas?
सही उत्तर: ख) Modified Acid-Fast Stain (Ziehl–Neelsen)
The Ziehl–Neelsen stain utilizes a specific dye that binds to lipids in acid-fast bacteria, allowing them to be visualized. The Gram stain primarily differentiates bacteria based on cell wall structure and is not effective for visualizing mycobacteria. PAS stains are used for general fungal and bacterial staining but do not effectively visualize acid-fast organisms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following cell types is MOST prominently affected in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis?
सही उत्तर: ग) _B lymphocytes_
Eosinophils play a significant role in the inflammation and tissue damage seen in rheumatoid arthritis. They are recruited to the synovium and contribute to cartilage destruction. The other options, while involved in immune responses, are not as central to the specific inflammatory process of RA.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia caused by _Klebsiella pneumoniae_. Which laboratory finding would MOST strongly suggest the presence of encapsulated bacteria, a virulence factor associated with increased pathogenicity?
सही उत्तर: ग) _Detection of latex agglutination for capsular polysaccharide antibodies_
Capsular polysaccharides are major virulence factors of _Klebsiella pneumoniae_. Latex agglutination tests, which detect the presence of these polysaccharides as antigens, are a standard diagnostic tool. The other options represent inflammatory responses or markers associated with different bacterial infections.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following pharmacological actions is primarily associated with the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?
सही उत्तर: घ) _Direct inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase_
Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme crucial for the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid – a necessary cofactor in bacterial DNA production. The other options describe actions of different antibiotics or drugs.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with fever, chills, and erythematous lesions on their skin, consistent with secondary syphilis. Which of the following pathological findings would MOST likely be observed during a skin biopsy?
सही उत्तर: ख) _Palisading necrosis with perinuclear lymphoplasmacytes_
The characteristic histological feature of secondary syphilis is ‘palisading’ – the arrangement of infected macrophages around central cores. This is a key diagnostic finding in skin biopsies. The other options represent inflammatory responses seen in different dermatological conditions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following microorganisms is MOST commonly associated with the development of disseminated cryptococcosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals?
सही उत्तर: ख) _Cryptococcus neoformans_
_Cryptococcus neoformans_ is a leading cause of cryptococcal meningitis, frequently seen in patients with weakened immune systems. The other options represent common opportunistic pathogens but are not typically associated with disseminated cryptococcosis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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