आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Which of the following processes contributes MOST significantly to the regulation of blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
Insulin, released in response to elevated blood glucose, promotes glucose uptake into cells and storage as glycogen. Options A, C and D represent alternative hormonal mechanisms not directly involved in this specific scenario.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) primarily serves which major function within a cell?
सही उत्तर: ग) C. Generating energy by oxidizing carbon compounds and releasing CO2
The Krebs cycle is a central metabolic pathway that oxidizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation and produce key intermediates for biosynthesis. Option A describes oxidative phosphorylation, option B is a preliminary step, and option D deals with protein synthesis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus is to regulate blood pressure by controlling which aspect of renal output?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Primarily regulating renin release in response to decreased blood pressure
The juxtaglomerular apparatus contains the macula densa and the granular cells, which are crucial for regulating GFR and systemic blood pressure through renin release. Option A is incorrect as it combines multiple functions. Option C describes peristalsis, and option D focuses on urine volume but doesn't describe the mechanism.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which hormone primarily regulates the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the nephron? (A) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (B) Aldosterone (C) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) (D) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
सही उत्तर: ख) (B) Aldosterone
Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, plays a major role in sodium reabsorption, directly influencing water balance. ADH is primarily involved in water reabsorption and options (C) and (D) have different primary functions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of pancreatic lipase in the digestion of fats involves breaking down triglycerides into which of the following products?
सही उत्तर: ग) Monoglycerides and Fatty Acids
Pancreatic lipase hydrolyzes (breaks down) triglycerides, the main components of dietary fat. This reaction yields monoglycerides and fatty acids, facilitating their absorption into the body. Phospholipids are digested by phospholipase A2; steroids by cytochrome P450 enzymes; amino acids by proteases.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with significant muscle weakness in the lower limbs after a traumatic injury to the thigh. Histological examination reveals axonal degeneration primarily affecting motor neurons within the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
सही उत्तर: घ) Motor Neuron Disease
The description – axonal degeneration in the anterior horn, lower limb weakness – aligns with Motor Neuron Disease (MND), also known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Guillain-Barré is an autoimmune disorder. Spinal Muscular Atrophy affects motor neuron development. Lambert-Eaton presents with muscle fasciculations.”} ，“questions”:[{
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The process of glomerular filtration is primarily driven by ____. (A) Active transport mechanisms requiring ATP expenditure. (B) Hydrostatic pressure exerted by the blood against the capillary walls, with colloid osmotic pressure opposing it. (C) Osmosis across the glomerular membrane, influenced by differences in solute concentrations. (D) Electrochemical gradients established across the podocyte cell membranes.
सही उत्तर: ख) (B) Hydrostatic pressure exerted by the blood against the capillary walls, with colloid osmotic pressure opposing it.
Option (B) is correct; the net driving force for filtration is the difference between hydrostatic pressure (blood pushing against the capillary walls) and colloid osmotic pressure (protein's effect on fluid movement). Options (A), (C) and (D) are incorrect as they describe supplementary mechanisms or contribute to the process but aren’t the primary driver.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells? (A) It catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and fructose. (B) It facilitates the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate ions, essential for CO2 transport. (C) It directly binds oxygen molecules to hemoglobin, increasing oxygen affinity. (D) It synthesizes ATP from ADP and phosphate, providing energy for cellular processes.
सही उत्तर: ख) (B) It facilitates the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate ions, essential for CO2 transport.
Option (B) is correct as carbonic anhydrase’s primary function in red blood cells is to catalyze the reaction between CO2 and H2O, forming bicarbonate – a major component of the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity. Options (A), (C) and (D) describe different biochemical processes that do not relate directly to carbonic anhydrase.”} , {
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of Bowman's capsule in the nephron is to _____ (A) Reabsorb glucose and amino acids back into the bloodstream. (B) Filter blood, removing waste products and forming filtrate. (C) Secrete potassium ions and hydrogen ions into the renal tubule. (D) Regulate blood pressure through vasoconstriction or vasodilation.
सही उत्तर: ख) (B) Filter blood, removing waste products and forming filtrate.
Option (B) is correct because Bowman's capsule is the initial filtering unit in the nephron, responsible for separating water, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and waste products from the blood to form the filtrate. Options (A) and (C) describe secondary processes of reabsorption or secretion which occur later in the nephron’s journey. Option (D) is incorrect as blood pressure regulation occurs through other mechanisms.”}],
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the anatomical relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the cricothyroid muscle? (a) The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle directly, controlling its contraction. (b) The cricothyroid muscle is a branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (c) The recurrent laryngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to the cricothyroid muscle, but not motor control. (d) Neither the recurrent laryngeal nerve nor the cricothyroid muscle exist.
सही उत्तर: घ) (d) Neither the recurrent laryngeal nerve nor the cricothyroid muscle exist.
The recurrent laryngeal nerve primarily carries motor fibers that innervate muscles of the larynx (including the cricothyroid), but it does not directly control the muscle's contraction. The cricothyroid muscle is independently innervated by branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. Options (a) and (b) are incorrect.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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