आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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The enzyme carbonic anhydrase plays a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance within the body. Its primary function is: (a) Breaking down glucose into energy. (b) Catalyzing the hydration of carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate ions. (c) Transporting oxygen from tissues to the lungs. (d) Synthesizing collagen for tissue repair.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Catalyzing the hydration of carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate ions.
Carbonic anhydrase is essential for converting carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid (H2CO3), a key step in respiration and maintaining pH balance. Options (a), (c) and (d) describe different metabolic processes or protein functions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of pulmonary surfactant in maintaining lung homeostasis? (a) It increases alveolar surface tension, facilitating gas exchange. (b) It decreases alveolar surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse. (c) It reduces blood flow to the alveoli, decreasing metabolic demands. (d) It promotes inflammation within the alveoli, aiding immune defense.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) It decreases alveolar surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse.
Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid mixture that significantly reduces surface tension in the alveoli, allowing them to expand and contract more easily during breathing. Options (b), (c) and (d) describe incorrect functions or actions related to lung physiology.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The process of glomerular filtration in the kidney primarily involves the movement of fluid and small molecules across which membrane? (a) The Bowman’s capsule membrane. (b) The peritubular capillary membrane. (c) The glomerulus filtration membrane. (d) The visceral pleural membrane.
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) The glomerulus filtration membrane.
The glomerulus filtration membrane, formed by the capillaries within the glomerulus and the surrounding Bowman's capsule, is where fluid and small solutes are filtered from the blood. Options (a), (b) and (d) describe other structures involved in kidney function or respiration.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the primary function of the sinoatrial node (SA node)? (a) To conduct electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles. (b) To initiate and regulate the heartbeat through spontaneous depolarization. (c) To filter blood and produce urine. (d) To contract the atrial muscles, propelling blood into the ventricles.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) To initiate and regulate the heartbeat through spontaneous depolarization.
The SA node is known as the ‘pacemaker’ of the heart due to its ability to spontaneously depolarize, initiating the heartbeat rhythm. Options (a), (c) and (d) describe functions of other parts of the cardiovascular system. Option (b) accurately describes the mechanism of action of the SA node.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) primarily functions to:
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, generating NADH and FADH2.
The Krebs cycle's main role is to oxidize acetyl-CoA, releasing carbon dioxide and producing high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) which then fuel oxidative phosphorylation – the primary ATP production pathway. Options A and D are incorrect as they describe unrelated processes.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following is the primary function of peristaltic waves in the small intestine? (a) To mix chyme with gastric juices. (b) To propel digested food towards the stomach. (c) To absorb nutrients from the intestinal lumen. (d) To regulate blood flow to the intestinal mucosa.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) To propel digested food towards the stomach.
Peristaltic waves are rhythmic contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle in the intestines that move chyme along the digestive tract. Mixing with gastric juices is a consequence of this movement. Options (b), (c), and (d) describe other functions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The Bohr effect describes a shift in hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen. Which of the following conditions *primarily* promotes a positive Bohr effect? (a) Increased blood pH. (b) Decreased blood carbon dioxide concentration. (c) Elevated 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels. (d) Increased temperature.
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) Elevated 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels.
The Bohr effect states that increased H+ concentration (lower pH), which occurs in tissues with high CO2 and metabolic activity, decreases hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen. Option (a) is the key factor here. Option (b) increases affinity; option (c) increases affinity; and option (d) has a minor effect.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of intrinsic factor in gastric secretion? (a) It stimulates the production of pepsinogen. (b) It neutralizes stomach acid. (c) It binds to vitamin B12 for absorption in the ileum. (d) It increases the motility of the stomach muscles.
सही उत्तर: ग) (c) It binds to vitamin B12 for absorption in the ileum.
Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein essential for the absorption of vitamin B12. It binds with B12 in the stomach and facilitates its transport across the intestinal wall to the ileum where it's absorbed. Options (a), (b), and (d) describe actions of other gastric hormones or processes.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a key indicator of kidney health. Which of the following factors *directly* increases GFR? (a) Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). (b) Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. (c) Increased resistance in the efferent arteriole. (d) Elevated levels of plasma protein concentration.
सही उत्तर: ख) (b) Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arteriole.
GFR is directly influenced by the hydrostatic pressure difference between the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. A decrease in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole (the vessel bringing blood *to* the glomerulus) increases this pressure gradient, thus boosting GFR. Option (a) reduces GFR; option (c) opposes it; and option (d) decreases GFR.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)? (a) To transport oxygen throughout the body. (b) To initiate and coordinate immune responses. (c) To synthesize hormones within the endocrine system. (d) To contract muscles for movement.
सही उत्तर: क) (a) To transport oxygen throughout the body.
Erythrocytes are specialized cells designed to carry oxygen. The hemoglobin they contain is responsible for this function. Options (b), (c), and (d) describe functions of other cell types - lymphocytes, hormones, and muscle fibers respectively.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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