आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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The primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney involves detecting which two stimuli?
सही उत्तर: ग) C) Changes in blood volume and altered bicarbonate levels in the filtrate.
Option B is correct; the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) responds to decreased blood pressure (detected by the macula densa) and increased potassium concentration in the distal tubule, stimulating both aldosterone release and renin secretion. Option A describes filtration dynamics, and Options C & D relate to renin-angiotensin system components.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following correctly describes the role of microtubules in cell division?
सही उत्तर: घ) D. They synthesize proteins required for DNA replication
Microtubules, particularly through motor proteins like kinesin and dynein, are crucial in organizing and moving chromosomes during cell division, ensuring accurate distribution to daughter cells. Option A describes the function of the cytoskeleton's actin filaments. Option B is related to nuclear envelope formation, and option D is linked to DNA replication machinery.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The enzymatic reaction catalyzed by amylase primarily breaks down which polysaccharide?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Starch
Amylase specifically hydrolyzes alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch molecules to form smaller sugars like maltose and glucose. Option B is the correct answer; options A, C, and D are polysaccharides that amylase does not effectively break down.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which cellular process is MOST directly responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis within cells?
सही उत्तर: घ) D. Protein synthesis
Insulin promotes the translocation of GLUT4 transporters to the cell membrane, allowing glucose from the bloodstream to enter the cell and be utilized. Option A is a solvent process, not directly involved in glucose management. Option B is the breakdown of glucose, not its uptake. Option D is unrelated to glucose homeostasis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly influenced by which of the following factors?
सही उत्तर: ग) C. Elevated venous pressure within the glomerulus
GFR is primarily determined by the hydrostatic pressure difference across the glomerular capillaries (afferent vs. efferent) and the colloid osmotic pressure of proteins in Bowman's capsule. Option A increases capillary resistance, decreasing GFR. Option C elevates venous pressure, also reducing GFR. Option D would have a slight effect but not the primary driver.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which enzyme plays a crucial role in converting triglycerides into fatty acids?
सही उत्तर: घ) CoA Reductase
CoA reductase is the key enzyme involved in beta-oxidation, the process where triglycerides are broken down to produce acetyl-CoA and fatty acid molecules. The other enzymes are involved in different lipid metabolism pathways.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A researcher measures the concentration of glucose in serum samples from patients with diabetes. A value of 180 mg/dL indicates what?
सही उत्तर: ग) Established Diabetes
A serum glucose level of 180 mg/dL typically falls within the range considered indicative of a prediabetic state. This is based on established diagnostic criteria for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose, reflecting elevated blood sugar levels. The other options represent different glycemic ranges.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which component of a sarcomere is directly responsible for muscle contraction?
सही उत्तर: क) Z-disc
The Z-disc marks the boundaries of the sarcomere, and the interaction between actin and myosin filaments (within the A-band, I-band, and H-zone) during muscle contraction is driven by movement at the Z-disc. The H-zone represents the region where thick filaments are present but don't directly participate in power stroke.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The process of glycolysis occurs in which cellular compartment?
सही उत्तर: घ) Golgi Apparatus
Glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose, takes place within the cytosol (the fluid portion) of the cell. The other options represent different organelles and their respective functions (ER for protein synthesis, mitochondria for cellular respiration, Golgi for processing proteins).
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
सही उत्तर: ख) To receive and conduct signals from the atrioventricular (AV) node
The SA node, often called the heart's natural pacemaker, generates spontaneous electrical impulses which initiate the heartbeat. The other options describe functions of other components of the conduction system – the AV node relays signals, and the ventricles are stimulated by these impulses. This is based on well-established cardiac physiology.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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