आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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The rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis is:
सही उत्तर: क) Phosphofructokinase-1
PFK-1 catalyses the committed step (fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate); it is activated by AMP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and inhibited by ATP and citrate. Hexokinase and pyruvate kinase are also regulated but are not the rate-limiting step.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia. The vitamin most likely deficient is:
सही उत्तर: ख) Niacin
The three Ds (dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia, and eventually death) define pellagra, due to niacin deficiency. It can also occur in Hartnup disease and carcinoid syndrome because tryptophan is a niacin precursor.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Vitamin K is required for which post-translational modification of clotting factors?
सही उत्तर: क) Gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residues
Vitamin K is a cofactor for gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which modifies factors II, VII, IX and X (and proteins C and S) so they can bind calcium. Warfarin acts by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In scurvy, defective collagen results from impaired:
सही उत्तर: क) Hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues
Vitamin C is a cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases; without hydroxylation the triple helix is unstable, causing bleeding gums and poor wound healing. Lysyl oxidase needs copper, not vitamin C.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A person has a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. The approximate mean arterial pressure is:
सही उत्तर: घ) 93 mmHg
MAP ≈ diastolic pressure + one-third of pulse pressure = 80 + (40/3) ≈ 93 mmHg. It is not the simple average (100 mmHg) because the heart spends longer in diastole than in systole at rest.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Prothrombin time (PT) is most sensitive to deficiency of which clotting factor?
सही उत्तर: ख) Factor VII
PT tests the extrinsic (factor VII) and common pathways; factor VII has the shortest half-life, so PT rises early in warfarin therapy and liver disease. Deficiencies of factors VIII, IX and XII prolong the aPTT instead.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The normal lifespan of a red blood cell in circulation is about:
सही उत्तर: घ) 120 days
Mature RBCs survive about 120 days and are then removed mainly by macrophages of the spleen. Platelets, in contrast, survive about 7–10 days.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Alpha waves on EEG (8–13 Hz) are typically recorded in a person who is:
सही उत्तर: घ) Awake and relaxed with eyes closed
Alpha rhythm is most prominent over the occipital region in a relaxed, awake subject with eyes closed and disappears on eye opening (alpha block), being replaced by beta waves. Deep sleep is characterised by slow delta waves.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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An intention tremor with past-pointing on finger–nose testing suggests a lesion of the:
सही उत्तर: ख) Cerebellum
Cerebellar lesions cause intention tremor, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia and ataxia, ipsilateral to the lesion. Basal ganglia disease such as Parkinsonism typically causes a resting tremor.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Pain and temperature sensations from the body are carried to the thalamus by the:
सही उत्तर: ख) Lateral spinothalamic tract
The lateral spinothalamic tract carries pain and temperature; its fibres cross within one or two segments of entry. Fine touch, vibration and proprioception ascend in the dorsal columns and cross in the medulla.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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