प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Thiosulphate–citrate–bile salt–sucrose (TCBS) agar is primarily utilized for isolating and differentiating which group of microorganisms?
सही उत्तर: ग) Salmonella spp.
TCBS agar is a selective medium specifically designed to inhibit the growth of *Staphylococcus* species, allowing for the isolation and differentiation of *Salmonella* spp. It achieves this by creating an environment toxic to staphylococci while supporting salmonellae. Neisseria, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus would not grow or would be inhibited on TCBS.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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During the ‘window period’ of acute hepatitis B, which viral antigen is most reliably detectable in serum due to its relative stability and persistence compared to others?
सही उत्तर: क) HBsAg
HBsAg (Hepatic surface antigen) is the most consistently detectable marker during the window period. This is because it’s produced early in infection and persists longer than other antigens, even before a robust immune response develops. The other options – HBeAg (HB viral e antigen), HBCAb (Hepatic core antibody), and HBCAg (Hepatic core antigen) – fluctuate more dramatically and are often undetectable during this time.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)? (a) Direct invasion by Streptococcus pneumoniae. (b) An immune response triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (c) Viral replication leading to cell lysis and inflammation. (d) Disruption of alveolar capillary membranes due to fungal infection.
सही उत्तर: क) (a) Direct invasion by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Option (d) is correct as PCP is primarily caused by *Pneumocystis jirovecii*, which damages the alveoli and disrupts their barrier function, leading to fluid accumulation and respiratory distress. Options (a), (b), and (c) represent alternative causes of pneumonia with different mechanisms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The presence of ‘ground glass’ appearance in histiocytosis X (Letterstedt disease) on a bone marrow biopsy is most characteristic of which cellular morphology?
सही उत्तर: क) Lymphocytes
Ground glass appearance refers to the amorphous, clear areas within hematopoietic tissue seen in histiocytosis X due to the accumulation of foamy macrophages. This morphology isn’t typical for lymphocytes, plasma cells or eosinophils.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient with known diabetes mellitus presents with sudden onset numbness and tingling in his feet. Examination reveals decreased vibration sensation. Which of the following nerve damage patterns is MOST likely?
सही उत्तर: क) Sensory Neuropathy (Peripheral)
Option 0 is correct. The description aligns with peripheral sensory neuropathy, a common complication of diabetes mellitus, which affects the small nerve fibers predominantly responsible for vibration and light touch sensation. Autonomic neuropathy involves involuntary functions like blood pressure regulation, proximal motor neuropathy impacts large muscle groups, and radiculopathy relates to spinal nerve root compression.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following histological stains is MOST helpful in identifying amyloid deposits in a biopsy sample?
सही उत्तर: ख) PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) stain
Option 1 is correct. PAS staining, which utilizes periodic acid and Schiff's reagent, demonstrates the characteristic pink staining of amyloid material. The other stains are not specific for identifying amyloid – Wright’s is a general hematoxylin and eosin stain, Gomori trichrome stains collagen, and silver stain is used to visualize elastic fibers.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with sudden onset of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Gram stain of stool reveals motile, oxidase-positive rods. Which microorganism is most likely responsible for this condition?
सही उत्तर: ग) *Escherichia coli*
Option 2 is correct. *Salmonella enterica* commonly presents with these symptoms and can be identified by its oxidase-positive nature via Gram stain. *Clostridium difficile* produces toxins, *E. coli* can cause diverse symptoms depending on virulence factors, and *Shigella dysenteriae* usually causes bloody diarrhea.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The presence of ‘ground-glass’ opacities on chest radiography strongly suggests what pathological condition in the lungs?
सही उत्तर: ख) Pulmonary Embolism
Option 1 is correct. Ground-glass opacity represents areas of alveolar edema and inflammation, commonly seen in pneumonia. The other options describe distinct radiographic findings – pulmonary embolism shows consolidation, pulmonary edema demonstrates fluid accumulation with hazy opacities, and silicosis presents with characteristic fibrotic changes.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Low-dose aspirin produces its antiplatelet effect by inhibiting which enzyme crucial for platelet aggregation?
सही उत्तर: ख) Thromboxane A2 Synthesis
Option 1 is correct. Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), leading to decreased thromboxane A2 synthesis, which is a key platelet activator. The other options represent incorrect mechanisms of aspirin's action – ADP receptor binding is blocked by clopidogrel, fibrinogen degradation isn’t affected, and platelet membrane integrity isn't directly targeted.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Hepatitis D virus requires co-infection with Hepatitis B virus to establish chronic infection. This is because the D virus lacks its own envelope and relies on the HBV envelope for entry into host cells. Which of the following statements best describes this relationship? (a) The D virus directly attacks liver cells, causing inflammation. (b) The HBV virus provides a protective immune response against the D virus. (c) The D virus enhances the replication of the HBV virus. (d) Both viruses independently cause liver damage with no interaction between them.
सही उत्तर: क) (a) The D virus directly attacks liver cells, causing inflammation.
Option (c) is correct because Hepatitis D relies on the presence of Hepatitis B for successful infection and propagation. Options (a), (b), and (d) represent incorrect assumptions about the mechanisms or effects of each virus.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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