प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Pharmacologically, which of the following drugs would most likely be prescribed to treat a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs)?
सही उत्तर: घ) Furosemide
Sildenafil (Viagra) is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation and decreasing pulmonary arterial pressure. Lisinopril and Metoprolol are ACE inhibitors and beta blockers respectively, used for systemic hypertension; Furosemide is a loop diuretic targeting fluid retention.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In the context of microbiology, which of the following best describes the mechanism by which Vancomycin inhibits bacterial growth?
सही उत्तर: क) Binding to bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan precursors and disrupting synthesis
Vancomycin specifically binds to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors, preventing their incorporation into the growing cell wall. This effectively blocks bacterial growth and is a well-established mechanism. The other options represent mechanisms utilized by different classes of antibiotics.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following pathological conditions is most commonly associated with the presence of ‘ground glass’ appearance on chest CT scans, often indicating active alveolar inflammation and edema?
सही उत्तर: घ) Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) frequently presents with a ‘ground glass’ appearance due to the presence of fluid and inflammatory cells in the alveoli. Pneumonia typically shows consolidation, pulmonary embolism demonstrates vascular congestion, and while pulmonary edema can cause hazy opacities, it doesn't usually exhibit the characteristic ground-glass pattern.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids like prednisone in treating inflammatory conditions?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Suppression of phospholipase A2 activity
Option B is correct; glucocorticoids primarily inhibit phospholipase A2, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators from phospholipids. Options A, C, and D represent alternative pathways influenced by glucocorticoids.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and watery stools following antibiotic use. Microscopic examination reveals excessive neutrophil infiltration into the mucosa. Which of the following bacterial species is MOST likely responsible for this condition?
सही उत्तर: क) A. *Clostridium difficile*
Option A is correct as *Clostridium difficile* colonization and toxin production are the primary cause of pseudomembranous colitis, characterized by neutrophil-rich inflammatory infiltrates. Options B, C, and D represent other bacterial infections with distinct pathological features.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following drugs is MOST frequently associated with causing hypersensitivity reactions characterized by fever, skin rash, and arthralgia?
सही उत्तर: घ) D. Methotrexate
Option D is correct as methotrexate is a known inducer of drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions presenting with fever, rash, and joint pain. Options A, B, and C are common antibiotics but don’t typically cause this specific constellation of symptoms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The characteristic histological feature of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is:
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema and hyaline membranes
Option B is correct; the hallmark of PJP is non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, often accompanied by the formation of hyaline membranes within the alveoli. Options A and C are features of other infections, while option D describes a different fungal infection.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following cellular structures is primarily responsible for the pathogenesis of Legionnaires’ disease?
सही उत्तर: ख) B. Macrophages containing *Legionella pneumophila*
Option B is correct because *Legionella pneumophila* bacteria reside within alveolar macrophages, leading to chronic inflammation and pneumonia. Options A, C, and D represent other immune responses or cell types that do not directly mediate the primary damage in Legionnaires’ disease.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of Pneumonia caused by *Streptococcus pneumoniae*?
सही उत्तर: घ) D. Viral infection leading to secondary bacterial superinfection.
Option 3 is correct. *S. pneumoniae* pneumonia primarily involves damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier due to the inflammatory response triggered by the bacteria. This leads to fluid leakage and consolidation of the lung tissue. Options A, B, and D represent alternative mechanisms of pneumonia pathogenesis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which antithyroid drug also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3?
सही उत्तर: ग) Propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil inhibits thyroid peroxidase and also peripheral 5'-deiodinase; carbimazole/methimazole inhibit only thyroid peroxidase.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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