प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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An antiarrhythmic drug that can cause pulmonary fibrosis and both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is:
सही उत्तर: क) Amiodarone
Amiodarone is iodine-rich and structurally similar to thyroxine, so it affects thyroid function; it also causes pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits and blue-grey skin. Thyroid, liver and lung function should be monitored.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Digoxin increases myocardial contractility by inhibiting:
सही उत्तर: घ) Na+/K+-ATPase
Inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase raises intracellular Na+, which reduces Ca2+ removal by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and increases stored calcium for contraction. Milrinone, by contrast, inhibits phosphodiesterase III.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In organophosphate poisoning, pralidoxime acts by:
सही उत्तर: ग) Reactivating phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase
Pralidoxime removes the phosphate group from acetylcholinesterase if given before 'ageing' of the enzyme occurs. Atropine blocks muscarinic receptors but does not reverse the neuromuscular weakness.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol is a well-known adverse effect of:
सही उत्तर: ख) Metronidazole
Metronidazole inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, so acetaldehyde builds up after alcohol, causing flushing, vomiting and headache. Patients should avoid alcohol during and for a short period after therapy.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Pyridoxine is given with isoniazid to prevent:
सही उत्तर: क) Peripheral neuropathy
Isoniazid increases pyridoxine excretion, leading to peripheral neuropathy, especially in malnourished, diabetic, alcoholic and HIV patients. Optic neuritis is caused by ethambutol and hyperuricaemia by pyrazinamide.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the:
सही उत्तर: ख) 30S ribosomal subunit
Aminoglycosides bind the 30S subunit, causing misreading of mRNA, and are bactericidal. Macrolides, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and linezolid act on the 50S subunit.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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'Red man syndrome' with flushing of the upper body is associated with rapid intravenous infusion of:
सही उत्तर: घ) Vancomycin
Rapid vancomycin infusion causes non-immunological histamine release; it is prevented by slow infusion over at least an hour. Rifampicin causes orange-red discolouration of body fluids, not flushing.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following is a potent inducer of hepatic microsomal (CYP450) enzymes?
सही उत्तर: क) Rifampicin
Rifampicin strongly induces CYP3A4 and other enzymes, reducing levels of oral contraceptives, warfarin and many antiretrovirals. Cimetidine, ketoconazole and erythromycin are enzyme inhibitors.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A drug has a volume of distribution of 40 L and a desired plasma concentration of 2 mg/L. With 100% bioavailability, the loading dose is:
सही उत्तर: ख) 80 mg
Loading dose = Vd × target concentration / F = 40 L × 2 mg/L / 1 = 80 mg. The loading dose depends on volume of distribution, whereas the maintenance dose depends on clearance.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient is given 200 mg of a drug with a half-life of 6 hours. Assuming first-order elimination, how much remains in the body after 24 hours?
सही उत्तर: घ) 12.5 mg
24 hours equals 4 half-lives, so 200 → 100 → 50 → 25 → 12.5 mg. 25 mg would be the amount after only 3 half-lives (18 hours).
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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