प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Which protein inhibits apoptosis and is overexpressed in follicular lymphoma due to t(14;18)?
सही उत्तर: घ) BCL-2
t(14;18) places BCL-2 next to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter; BCL-2 prevents mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation and apoptosis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The initiator caspase of the intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway of apoptosis is:
सही उत्तर: ग) Caspase-9
Cytochrome c released from mitochondria forms the apoptosome with Apaf-1, activating caspase-9; caspase-8 initiates the extrinsic pathway and caspase-3 is an executioner.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Chalky white deposits from saponification of fat are characteristic of:
सही उत्तर: क) Enzymatic fat necrosis in acute pancreatitis
Released pancreatic lipases split fat, and the fatty acids combine with calcium (saponification) to form chalky white areas.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Infarction of the brain typically produces which type of necrosis?
सही उत्तर: ख) Liquefactive necrosis
Ischaemic injury in the CNS causes liquefactive necrosis because of rich lysosomal enzymes and little supporting stroma; most other solid organs show coagulative necrosis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Physostigmine, unlike neostigmine, is preferred for central anticholinergic toxicity because it:
सही उत्तर: ग) Is a tertiary amine that crosses the blood-brain barrier
Physostigmine is lipid soluble and enters the CNS, reversing delirium from atropine-like drugs. Neostigmine is a quaternary compound that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, so it is used for myasthenia and reversing neuromuscular block.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Drug-induced lupus erythematosus is most commonly associated with:
सही उत्तर: ग) Procainamide
Procainamide and hydralazine, especially in slow acetylators, frequently cause drug-induced lupus with anti-histone antibodies. Renal and CNS involvement are rare in drug-induced lupus.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Phocomelia is the classic teratogenic effect of:
सही उत्तर: क) Thalidomide
Thalidomide taken in early pregnancy causes limb defects such as phocomelia. Warfarin causes fetal warfarin syndrome with nasal hypoplasia and stippled epiphyses.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Omeprazole reduces gastric acid secretion by:
सही उत्तर: ख) Irreversibly inhibiting H+/K+-ATPase in parietal cells
Proton pump inhibitors are activated in the acidic canaliculus and bind covalently to the proton pump, so acid secretion recovers only when new pumps are made. Ranitidine and famotidine are H2 blockers.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Sildenafil is contraindicated in patients taking nitrates because both:
सही उत्तर: ग) Increase cGMP, causing severe hypotension
Nitrates increase cGMP production through NO, while sildenafil inhibits its breakdown by PDE5, so together they cause profound vasodilation and hypotension. Sildenafil is a PDE5 inhibitor, not a nitric oxide donor.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Acyclovir is selectively active against herpesvirus-infected cells because it is first phosphorylated by:
सही उत्तर: ख) Viral thymidine kinase
Viral thymidine kinase converts acyclovir to the monophosphate, after which host kinases form the active triphosphate that inhibits viral DNA polymerase. Thymidine kinase-deficient strains are resistant and may need foscarnet.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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