प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ

प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर

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सही: ० / ०

81. A biopsy specimen from the lung shows collections of amorphous eosinophilic material surrounding blood vessels, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. Which histological finding most strongly suggests a diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?

    कPresence of granulomas with multinucleated giant cells खEvidence of alveolar hemorrhage गObservation of characteristic 'net-like' aggregates of yeast-like organisms घDetection of birefringent crystals within the extracellular space
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82. In the context of clinical microbiology, what is the significance of a 'delicate' or ‘string test’ performed on an indole-positive bacterial culture?

    कIt indicates the presence of acetoin formation and fermentation खIt confirms the absence of bacterial growth गIt differentiates between bacteria producing indoxyl acetate and those that do not घIt measures the pH change in the medium
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83. Which of the following cellular changes is MOST consistently observed in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

    कHypercellularity of the bone marrow with small lymphocytes खIncreased production of eosinophils and basophils गProliferation of granulocytes and monocytes घDiminished number of platelets and red blood cells
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84. A bacterial culture exhibits a positive catalase test. What does this indicate about the organism?

    कThe bacteria produces cellulose खThe bacteria lacks enzymes to break down hydrogen peroxide गThe bacteria is anaerobic and requires oxygen for growth घThe bacteria is a gram-positive coccus
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85. Which of the following best describes the primary function of lysosomes within a eukaryotic cell?

    कSynthesis of proteins and lipids खDigestion of cellular waste and debris गProduction of energy through oxidative phosphorylation घRegulation of gene expression
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86. Which of the following cellular mechanisms is primarily responsible for the anticoagulant effect of low-dose aspirin?

    कA) Inhibition of platelet aggregation via adenosine diphosphate (ADP) blockade. खB) Direct inhibition of thrombin synthesis. गC) Stabilization of the platelet membrane and prevention of granule release. घD) Induction of nitric oxide production, leading to vasodilation.
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87. A patient presents with jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, and a positive anti-hepatocyte cytoplasmic antigen (HCAg) antibody test. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely responsible for these findings?

    कA) Acute pancreatitis खB) Autoimmune Hepatitis गC) Primary Biliary Cholangitis घD) Alcoholic Hepatitis
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88. The Thiosulphate–citrate–bile salt–sucrose (TCBS) agar medium is predominantly used for the selective growth of:

    कA) *Escherichia coli* खB) *Staphylococcus aureus* गC) *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* घD) *Salmonella enterica*
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89. Which of the following best describes the function of epithelioid cells within a granuloma?

    कA) They are responsible for antibody production and immune cell activation. खB) They represent histiocytes derived from macrophages that have differentiated to respond to inflammatory stimuli. गC) They are specialized keratinocytes involved in epithelial barrier formation. घD) They are endothelial cells that promote angiogenesis within the granuloma.
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90. Which of the following statements accurately describes the clinical significance of ‘window period’ in acute Hepatitis B infection? a) It represents the time when viral load is highest. b) It is the period immediately after vaccination where protection has not yet developed. c) It's the timeframe during which detectable HBV DNA levels can fluctuate significantly, making testing unreliable for diagnosis. d) This term relates to the patient’s age range when they are most vulnerable to infection.

    कa) It represents the time when viral load is highest खb) It is the period immediately after vaccination where protection has not yet developed गc) It's the timeframe during which detectable HBV DNA levels can fluctuate significantly, making testing unreliable for diagnosis घd) This term relates to the patient’s age range when they are most vulnerable to infection
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