आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Which of the following enzymes is crucial for the synthesis of collagen?
सही उत्तर: घ) Lysyl oxidase.
Option 3 is correct. Lysyl oxidase plays a critical role in cross-linking collagen molecules, which is essential for providing strength and stability to connective tissues. The other enzymes listed are involved in nucleotide metabolism or other metabolic processes.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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In the context of glycolysis, which enzyme catalyzes the committed step of glucose metabolism?
सही उत्तर: क) Phosphofructokinase.
Option 0 is correct. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is the key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis, catalyzing the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate – this step commits glucose to the glycolytic pathway. The other enzymes listed are involved in earlier stages of glucose metabolism.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within connective tissues?
सही उत्तर: क) Providing structural support and anchoring cells within a tissue.
Option 0 is correct. The ECM – composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and other molecules – provides the structural framework for tissues like cartilage, bone, and tendons, offering mechanical support. Options 1, 2, and 3 describe functions related to cell behavior or signaling pathways that are not the primary role of the ECM itself.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is to regulate which hormonal response?
सही उत्तर: ख) Stimulation of renin release in response to decreased blood pressure and increased potassium levels.
Option 1 is correct. The JGA contains specialized cells that secrete both renin (initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) and, in response to increased blood pressure or low sodium, releases aldosterone which promotes sodium reabsorption. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect as they describe other hormonal actions related to blood pressure regulation.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is to regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance. What initial stimulus triggers the release of renin from the kidneys?
सही उत्तर: घ) Increased venous return
The sympathetic nervous system’s stimulation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors on the juxtaglomerular cells is the primary trigger for renin release, initiating the RAAS cascade. The other options represent downstream responses or alternative pathways.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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A patient presents with persistent hypotension and profound vasoconstriction. Biochemical analysis reveals elevated levels of angiotensin II. Which condition is most likely being observed?
सही उत्तर: ख) Neurogenic shock
Hypovolemic shock is characterized by reduced blood volume, triggering a cascade that includes increased angiotensin II production and vasoconstriction to maintain systemic vascular resistance. Septic, neurogenic, and anaphylactic shocks involve different initiating mechanisms.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is heavily involved in reabsorption of key substances. Approximately what percentage of filtered sodium (Na+) is reabsorbed within the PCT?
सही उत्तर: घ) 75-85%
The proximal convoluted tubule accounts for approximately 65% of Na+ reabsorption. While precise figures vary, 95-99% of filtered sodium is reclaimed in the PCT, making this option the most accurate representation of the physiological process.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Pulmonary surfactant primarily functions to reduce surface tension in the alveoli. Which cell type is responsible for producing this crucial substance?
सही उत्तर: ग) Type II pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes are specifically responsible for synthesizing and secreting pulmonary surfactant, a phospholipid-protein complex that dramatically reduces surface tension within the alveoli. Alveolar macrophages engulf debris, Type I pneumocytes form the alveolar walls, and smooth muscle plays a minimal role in surfactant production.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of melanin in human skin?
सही उत्तर: ख) B) Melanin is produced by keratinocytes and contributes to skin elasticity.
Melanin, primarily produced by melanocytes within the epidermis, acts as a natural sunscreen by absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, shielding underlying skin cells from DNA damage. Options B, C and D represent different roles of skin components or processes.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The term 'red herring' in relation to medical diagnostics refers to:
सही उत्तर: ग) C) The reddish tinge observed in venous blood due to hemoglobin absorption.
A 'red herring' is a deliberate diversionary tactic – in medicine, it’s an irrelevant piece of information designed to mislead or distract from the actual diagnosis. Option A describes a medical condition; C relates to a physical characteristic of blood and D refers to a type of fluid.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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