आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – Basic Sciences MCQ
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) – MD/MS प्रवेश
Basic Sciences · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४३३ प्रश्न
४३३ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
आधारभूत विज्ञान (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry): प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in treating hypertension?
सही उत्तर: ख) Blocking sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule
ACE inhibitors work by blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, so inhibiting its production lowers blood pressure. The other options represent alternative mechanisms for managing hypertension.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?
सही उत्तर: क) Calcium Absorption
The nephron's main function is filtration – it filters blood to remove waste products and excess fluid. The other options describe unrelated processes within the kidneys or body.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The process of oxidative phosphorylation primarily takes place across which cellular structure?
सही उत्तर: ग) Mitochondrial Membrane
Oxidative phosphorylation – the major ATP-producing pathway – occurs within the inner mitochondrial membrane. The other structures have distinct functions: ribosomes synthesize proteins, the Golgi apparatus processes and packages molecules, and the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis and calcium storage.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following enzymes plays a crucial role in the conversion of glucose to glycogen?
सही उत्तर: ख) Glycogen Synthase
Glycogen synthase is the key enzyme responsible for catalyzing the addition of glucose molecules to form glycogen. The other options – amylase, lipase and phosphatase – are involved in different metabolic pathways. It's tempting to think of amylase as related to carbohydrate metabolism, but its primary function is starch breakdown.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following best describes the role of carbonic anhydrase in erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation)?
सही उत्तर: ख) It catalyzes the conversion of bicarbonate to carbon dioxide, facilitating oxygen transport.
Carbonic anhydrase is essential for maintaining proper pH balance and enabling the efficient uptake of carbon dioxide, which is then utilized in oxygen binding and release within red blood cells. Options 2, 3 and 4 misrepresent the function of carbonic anhydrase.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The formation of urea from ammonia primarily occurs in which organ?
सही उत्तर: ख) Liver
Urea synthesis, a major pathway for nitrogen excretion, predominantly happens within the liver where ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide. The pancreas produces enzymes; the kidney filters waste products and the spleen filters blood.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which hormone primarily regulates fluid and electrolyte balance by increasing sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?
सही उत्तर: ख) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, specifically promotes water reabsorption in response to increased plasma osmolality, thereby increasing sodium reabsorption indirectly. Insulin controls glucose metabolism; thyroxine regulates metabolic rate and cortisol is involved in stress responses.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The process of oxidative phosphorylation, crucial for ATP production within mitochondria, involves which key molecule?
सही उत्तर: घ) Electron Transport Chain
Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes the electron transport chain to generate a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Options 1 and 2 are components of the process, but not the central driver; option 4 directly describes this key mechanism.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Which of the following structures is commonly associated with a lesion affecting intention tremor and past-pointing?
सही उत्तर: ख) Cerebellum (vermis)
The correct answer is 1. Intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia (difficulty coordinating repetitive movements), and past-pointing (difficulty reaching a target accurately) are classic signs of damage to the cerebellum, particularly the vermis. The internal capsule, which passes through the midbrain, can also present with similar symptoms but less consistently due to the complex nature of the movement control circuits. The other options relate to different brain regions and motor functions.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The primary function of Vitamin K within the coagulation cascade is to facilitate the carboxylation of which clotting factors?
सही उत्तर: क) Factor VIII and Factor IX
The correct answer is 0. Vitamin K acts as a cofactor for an enzyme that modifies glutamic acid residues in several coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X) to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, enabling them to bind calcium ions and participate effectively in the clotting process. The other options represent different clotting factors or their respective modifications.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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